방금 SDD를 SSD로 사용하고 있다는 것을 알았습니다. 수정됨
이 상황을 설명하는 데 도움이 필요합니다. /dev/sda백업된 데이터 디스크이고 재현 가능한 데이터가 있으므로 시스템에 중요하지는 않지만 데이터를 복구/재구축하는 노력을 피하고 싶습니다. 그 중 일부는 시간이 많이 소요됩니다.
복원/수리가 가능한가요?
그렇다면 어떻게? 재사용을 위해 디스크를 지운 경우 디스크는 얼마나 안정적인가요?
요약(자세한 보고서는 아래 참조):
- 설치할 수 없음: 잘못된 슈퍼블록
- badblocks 불량 블록이 발견되지 않았습니다.
- smartctl은 오류를 보고하지 않습니다.
- fsck는 슈퍼블록 플래그를 설정할 수 없습니다.
- fdisk는 깨끗한 파티션을 보여줍니다
- dmesg에 쓰기 오류가 표시됩니다.
- parted는 1TB 드라이브에 792GB의 여유 공간을 표시합니다.
아래와 같이 SSD 마운트가 실패합니다.
[stephen@meer ~]$ sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/sda
mount: /mnt/sda: can't read superblock on /dev/sda1.
dmesg(1) may have more information after failed mount system call.
[stephen@meer ~]$
하지만 배드블록은 배드블록을 찾지 못했습니다.
[root@meer stephen]# badblocks -v /dev/sda1
Checking blocks 0 to 976760831
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done
Pass completed, 0 bad blocks found. (0/0/0 errors)
하지만 smartctl은 오류를 찾지 못합니다.
[root@meer stephen]# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-5.17.9-arch1-1] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: WD Blue / Red / Green SSDs
Device Model: WDC WDS100T2B0A-00SM50
Serial Number: 213159800516
LU WWN Device Id: 5 001b44 8bc4fdc6e
Firmware Version: 415020WD
User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Form Factor: 2.5 inches
TRIM Command: Available, deterministic, zeroed
Device is: In smartctl database 7.3/5319
ATA Version is: ACS-4 T13/BSR INCITS 529 revision 5
SATA Version is: SATA 3.3, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue May 24 16:06:23 2022 PDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x11) SMART execute Offline immediate.
No Auto Offline data collection support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
No Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 10) minutes.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 4
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 124
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 1470
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 134
165 Block_Erase_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 4312400063
166 Minimum_PE_Cycles_TLC 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 1
167 Max_Bad_Blocks_per_Die 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 65
168 Maximum_PE_Cycles_TLC 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 14
169 Total_Bad_Blocks 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 630
170 Grown_Bad_Blocks 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 124
171 Program_Fail_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 128
172 Erase_Fail_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
173 Average_PE_Cycles_TLC 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 2
174 Unexpected_Power_Loss 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 90
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 64
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 070 053 --- Old_age Always - 30 (Min/Max 18/53)
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
230 Media_Wearout_Indicator 0x0032 001 001 --- Old_age Always - 0x002600140026
232 Available_Reservd_Space 0x0033 097 097 004 Pre-fail Always - 97
233 NAND_GB_Written_TLC 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 2703
234 NAND_GB_Written_SLC 0x0032 100 100 --- Old_age Always - 2842
241 Host_Writes_GiB 0x0030 253 253 --- Old_age Offline - 466
242 Host_Reads_GiB 0x0030 253 253 --- Old_age Offline - 622
244 Temp_Throttle_Status 0x0032 000 100 --- Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 1470 -
Selective Self-tests/Logging not supported
fsck는 다음과 같이 실패합니다.
[root@meer ~]# e2fsck -cfpv /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: recovering journal
e2fsck: Input/output error while recovering journal of /dev/sda1
e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on /dev/sda1
/dev/sda1: ********** WARNING: Filesystem still has errors **********
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: I/O error, dev sda, sector 121899008 op 0x1:(WRITE) flags 0x800 phys_seg 1 prio class 0
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] tag#31 CDB: Write(10) 2a 00 07 44 08 00 00 00 08 00
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] tag#31 Add. Sense: Unaligned write command
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] tag#31 Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] tag#31 FAILED Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_OK cmd_age=0s
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: configured for UDMA/33
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: error: { ABRT }
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: cmd ca/00:08:00:08:44/00:00:00:00:00/e7 tag 31 dma 4096 out
res 51/04:08:00:08:44/00:00:07:00:00/e7 Emask 0x1 (device error)
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: failed command: WRITE DMA
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3: EH complete
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: configured for UDMA/33
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: error: { ABRT }
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: cmd ca/00:08:00:08:44/00:00:00:00:00/e7 tag 6 dma 4096 out
res 51/04:08:00:08:44/00:00:07:00:00/e7 Emask 0x1 (device error)
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: failed command: WRITE DMA
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
May 24 15:38:29 meer kernel: ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
fdisk가 본 파티션.
Disk /dev/sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WDS100T2B0A
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 3F701164-2CF8-6D48-A94E-478634C140BE
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 1953523711 1953521664 931.5G Linux filesystem
dmesg에서
[ 5292.895300] ata3.00: configured for UDMA/33
[ 5292.895315] ata3: EH complete
[ 5293.021851] ata3.00: exception Emask 0x0 SAct 0x0 SErr 0x0 action 0x0
[ 5293.021859] ata3.00: irq_stat 0x40000001
[ 5293.021864] ata3.00: failed command: WRITE DMA
[ 5293.021866] ata3.00: cmd ca/00:08:00:08:44/00:00:00:00:00/e7 tag 18 dma 4096 out
res 51/04:08:00:08:44/00:00:07:00:00/e7 Emask 0x1 (device error)
[ 5293.021874] ata3.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
[ 5293.021877] ata3.00: error: { ABRT }
분리된:
root@meer stephen]# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.5
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print free
Model: ATA WDC WDS100T2B0A (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
17.4kB 1049kB 1031kB Free Space
1 1049kB 1000GB 1000GB ext4
1000GB 1000GB 729kB Free Space
답변1
이 디스크로 무엇을 했는지는 모르겠지만, 정말 말도 안되는 숫자입니다! SSD의 출력을 봅니다.
- 1470시간(61일)
- 4312400063(2.0GiB) 블록 삭제 수행됨
- 163210068006(76TiB) 미디어가 기록되었습니다.
쓰기 속도는 61일 동안 초당 16MiB로 일정했습니다.
내부 NAND 오류가 발생한 것 같습니다. 데이터를 다시 가져오지 못할 수도 있습니다.
최선의 해결책은 일종의 RAID 미러링을 사용하여 여러 디스크 간의 오류를 버퍼링하는 것입니다.
이상적으로는 수명이 다르거나 생산 배치가 다른 두 개의 디스크를 사용하여 여러 디스크에 걸쳐 오류 및 실패의 분포를 분산시키려고 합니다.
명확히 말하자면, 아주 짧은 기간 동안 쓰기량이 비정상적으로 높았던 것 같습니다. 사용하는 스토리지 설정에서 이를 고려해야 합니다.