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Python3.7에서 qutip 패키지를 설치할 때 오류가 발생했습니다.

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Python3.7에서 qutip 패키지를 설치할 때 오류가 발생했습니다.

저는 Linux Mint 19.1과 Python 3.7.3을 실행 중이며 qutip 패키지를 설치하려고 합니다. 종속성이 충족되도록 다음을 설치했습니다.

NumPy-1.16.4
SciPy-1.3.0
Maplotlib-3.1.0
Cython-0.29.10
GCC-8.0.1

종속성에 대해 잘 모르겠지만 Python Header실행했습니다.

sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

구글에 검색해봐도 이 내용밖에 나오지 않아서 오류는 없습니다. qutip설치를 사용 하려고 하면 두 번이나 설치가 완료되었다는 메시지 가 표시 pip됩니다 . 터미널에서 전체 인쇄를 확인하세요.error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'Failed building wheel for py-postgresqlFailed to build qubit py-postgresql

$ python3.7 -m pip install qubit
Collecting qubit
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/fb/b9f75dba12698a1c394d9732d6d05008cc8a4d1d4854fc7201792e908626/qubit-0.0.1.tar.gz
Collecting Flask==0.11.1 (from qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/63/2b/01f5ed23a78391f6e3e73075973da0ecb467c831376a0b09c0ec5afd7977/Flask-0.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting py-postgresql==1.1.0 (from qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4c/cf/43d0287866f30f8b6f10ece19568fcda5477346c0f63bf5e9fb5c5eef121/py-postgresql-1.1.0.zip
Collecting pytest==3.0.3 (from qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a4/e9/bf75a9a91c4a545bad262937d1defa90d95ac912118a706406e21aef889a/pytest-3.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting click>=2.0 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Jinja2>=2.4 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/e7/fd8b501e7a6dfe492a433deb7b9d833d39ca74916fa8bc63dd1a4947a671/Jinja2-2.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.7 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/57/92a497e38161ce40606c27a86759c6b92dd34fcdb33f64171ec559257c02/Werkzeug-0.15.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.21 (from Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting py>=1.4.29 (from pytest==3.0.3->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/bc/394ad449851729244a97857ee14d7cba61ddb268dce3db538ba2f2ba1f0f/py-1.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.4->Flask==0.11.1->qubit)
  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/98/7b/ff284bd8c80654e471b769062a9b43cc5d03e7a615048d96f4619df8d420/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl
Building wheels for collected packages: qubit, py-postgresql
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for qubit ... error
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-bohuey6f/qubit/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpy8xqxz6ipip-wheel- --python-tag cp37:
  usage: -c [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
     or: -c --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
     or: -c --help-commands
     or: -c cmd --help

  error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for qubit
  Running setup.py clean for qubit
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for py-postgresql ... error
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3.7 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-bohuey6f/py-postgresql/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpl3nlfezopip-wheel- --python-tag cp37:
  usage: -c [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
     or: -c --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
     or: -c --help-commands
     or: -c cmd --help

  error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel'

  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for py-postgresql
  Running setup.py clean for py-postgresql
Failed to build qubit py-postgresql
Installing collected packages: click, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, Flask, py-postgresql, py, pytest, qubit
  Running setup.py install for py-postgresql ... done
  Running setup.py install for qubit ... done
Successfully installed Flask-0.11.1 Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.15.4 click-7.0 itsdangerous-1.1.0 py-1.8.0 py-postgresql-1.1.0 pytest-3.0.3 qubit-0.0.1
In ~/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

qutip그런 다음 및 qutip-4.3.1-py3.7.egg-info이라는 두 개의 디렉토리를 볼 수 있지만 이라는 디렉토리를 실행 ~/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages하여 python3.7사용하려고 하면 전체 인쇄물을 볼 수 있습니다 .import qutipImportErrorIndexMixinModuleNotFoundErrorapt_pkg

$ python3.7
Python 3.7.3 (default, Apr  3 2019, 19:16:38) 
[GCC 8.0.1 20180414 (experimental) [trunk revision 259383]] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import qutip
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/__init__.py", line 171, in <module>
    from qutip.qobj import *
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/qobj.py", line 60, in <module>
    from qutip.fastsparse import fast_csr_matrix, fast_identity
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/fastsparse.py", line 37, in <module>
    from scipy.sparse.sputils import (upcast, upcast_char, to_native, isdense, isshape,
ImportError: cannot import name 'IndexMixin' from 'scipy.sparse.sputils' (/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/sparse/sputils.py)
Error in sys.excepthook:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport_python_hook.py", line 63, in apport_excepthook
    from apport.fileutils import likely_packaged, get_recent_crashes
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from apport.report import Report
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/report.py", line 30, in <module>
    import apport.fileutils
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/fileutils.py", line 23, in <module>
    from apport.packaging_impl import impl as packaging
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apport/packaging_impl.py", line 24, in <module>
    import apt
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/apt/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
    import apt_pkg
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'

Original exception was:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/__init__.py", line 171, in <module>
    from qutip.qobj import *
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/qobj.py", line 60, in <module>
    from qutip.fastsparse import fast_csr_matrix, fast_identity
  File "/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/qutip/fastsparse.py", line 37, in <module>
    from scipy.sparse.sputils import (upcast, upcast_char, to_native, isdense, isshape,
ImportError: cannot import name 'IndexMixin' from 'scipy.sparse.sputils' (/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/sparse/sputils.py)
>>>

이 문제의 원인은 무엇입니까?

답변1

pip 패키지를 설치/재설치 wheel하거나 다음 스레드를 확인해야 할 수도 있습니다.https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34819221/why-is-python-setup-py-saying-invalid-command-bdist-wheel-on-travis-ci

답변2

@Bart 덕분에 모든 오류 코드를 성공적으로 해결했습니다. 그게 내가하는 일이야.

설치 오류 error: invalid command 'bdist_wheel', 설치 설치 지침을 통해 Failed building wheel for py-postgresql모두 Failed to build qubit py-postgresql해결됨wheel이 게시물. 한마디로 그냥 달렸어

python3.7 -m pip install wheel
python3.7 -m pip install --upgrade --force-reinstall qutip

이 문제는 ImportError: cannot import name 'IndexMixin' from 'scipy.sparse.sputils' (/home/kajsa/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/scipy/sparse/sputils.py)최신 버전의 scipy 패키지 변경으로 인해 발생합니다. ~에 따르면이 토론이건 단순한 이동이 아니라 패키지 변경이라 scipy 이전 버전을 설치해야 합니다. 이는 다음 명령을 실행하여 수행됩니다.

python3.7 -m pip uninstall scipy
python3.7 -m pip install scipy<1.3.0

마지막으로 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'apt_pkg'다음 방법으로 해결했습니다.이 답변과 의견. 실행하여

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python3-apt
cd /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages
sudo ln -s apt_pkg.cpython-{36m,37m}-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

노트:다음과 같은 오류가 발견되면

ERROR: Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'RECORD'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

제 생각에는 플래그를 추가하거나 --user저처럼 root 로 실행하면 문제를 해결할 수 있을 것 sudo -H같습니다.

sudo -H python3.7 -m pip install 'scipy<1.3.0'

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