매우 기본적인 질문이라면 죄송합니다. 하지만 저는 yum/dnf에 대해 자세히 알아본 적이 없습니다.
기록: 업데이트가 중지되었을 때 Centos 7을 실행하는 서버를 다시 구축했습니다. 저는 제가 구축하고 있는 것에 별로 관심을 두지 않았고, 네트워크 설치를 다운로드하여 필요한 모든 것을 로드하는 데 사용했습니다.
업데이트가 발생하지 않는다는 사실을 확인했으며 기본 릴리스에서 업데이트 스트림이 누락되었음을 암시하는 내용을 발견했습니다. 지침에 따라 이를 추가했으며 사용 가능한 업데이트가 많이 있습니다.
또한 전체 DVD 이미지에서 랩탑에 가상 머신을 로드했습니다.
현재: 내 서버에 업데이트가 표시되지 않습니다. 오랜만이야. 이상한 것 같습니다. 또한 8.0인 것으로 보이며 VM 버전은 8.2이며 업데이트가 있습니다.
저장소를 나열하면 약간 다릅니다.
섬기는 사람:
# yum repolist enabled
repo id repo name
appstream CentOS Stream 8 - AppStream
baseos CentOS Stream 8 - BaseOS
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 8 - x86_64
epel-modular Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux Modular 8 - x86_64
extras CentOS Stream 8 - Extras
가상 기기:
# yum repolist
repo id repo name
AppStream CentOS-8 - AppStream
BaseOS CentOS-8 - Base
extras CentOS-8 - Extras
google-chrome google-chrome
가상 머신에는 epel 저장소가 필요하지 않으므로 중요하지 않습니다. 하지만 기본 저장소 목록은 다릅니다 ...
내 서버에 맞는 저장소를 설치하는 방법을 알려줄 수 있는 사람이 있나요? ? ? (재구축은 옵션이 아닙니다. 업그레이드 후 모든 것을 정상으로 되돌리는 데 오랜 시간이 걸립니다.)
업데이트하려고 하면 다음과 같은 내용이 계속 표시됩니다.
# dnf update
Last metadata expiration check: 2:20:32 ago on Sun 29 Nov 2020 11:18:48 AM PST.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!
로그 출력:
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Command: dnf update
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Installroot: /
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Releasever: 8
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG cachedir: /var/cache/dnf
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Base command: update
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DDEBUG Extra commands: ['update']
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG User-Agent: constructed: 'libdnf (CentOS Stream 8; generic; Linux.x86_64)'
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: appstream
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG appstream: using metadata from Thu 29 Oct 2020 06:52:17 PM PDT.
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: baseos
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG baseos: using metadata from Thu 29 Oct 2020 06:52:12 PM PDT.
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: extras
2020-11-29T21:39:19Z DEBUG extras: using metadata from Fri 10 Jul 2020 07:19:28 AM PDT.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: epel-modular
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG epel-modular: using metadata from Mon 16 Nov 2020 06:30:02 PM PST.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG repo: using cache for: epel
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG epel: using metadata from Sat 28 Nov 2020 05:04:32 PM PST.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Last metadata expiration check: 2:20:32 ago on Sun 29 Nov 2020 11:18:48 AM PST.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DDEBUG timer: sack setup: 420 ms
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG Completion plugin: Generating completion cache...
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG --> Starting dependency resolution
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DEBUG --> Finished dependency resolution
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DDEBUG timer: depsolve: 108 ms
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Dependencies resolved.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Nothing to do.
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z INFO Complete!
2020-11-29T21:39:20Z DDEBUG Cleaning up.
# cat /etc/*-release
CentOS Stream release 8
NAME="CentOS Stream"
VERSION="8"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="8"
PLATFORM_ID="platform:el8"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Stream 8"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:8"
HOME_URL="https://centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="CentOS Stream"
# grep -rH enabled=1 /etc/yum.repos.d/*
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-modular.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo:enabled=1
이것이 내 가상 머신과 어떻게 다른지 확인하세요.
# grep -rH enabled=1 /etc/yum.repos.d/*
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-AppStream.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Extras.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-modular.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo:enabled=1
/etc/yum.repos.d/google-chrome.repo:enabled=1
미러 목록
가상 머신에서:
# find /var -name mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/AppStream-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/BaseOS-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/extras-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/AppStream-a520ed22b0a8a736/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/BaseOS-929b586ef1f72f69/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/extras-2770d521ba03e231/mirrorlist
# find /var -name mirrorlist -exec cat {} \;
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8/extras/x86_64/os/
서버에서:
# find /var -name mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/AppStream-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/BaseOS-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/PackageKit/8/metadata/extras-8-x86_64/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/appstream-773ef6463612e8e2/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/baseos-055ffcb2ec25a27f/mirrorlist
/var/cache/dnf/extras-9705a089504ff150/mirrorlist
# find /var -name mirrorlist -exec cat {} \;
http://mirror.cc.columbia.edu/pub/linux/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://repo.miserver.it.umich.edu/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.mojohost.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.genesisadaptive.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.san.fastserv.com/pub/linux/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirrors.usinternet.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://repos.lax.layerhost.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://ewr.edge.kernel.org/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://repo1.dal.innoscale.net/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirrors.xtom.com/centos/8.2.2004/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.nodesdirect.com/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://distro.ibiblio.org/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.linux.duke.edu/pub/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.mojohost.com/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.sfo12.us.leaseweb.net/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.sesp.northwestern.edu/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.trouble-free.net/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.web-ster.com/centos/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/8.2.2004/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.ette.biz/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.wdc1.us.leaseweb.net/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.vcu.edu/pub/gnu_linux/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirrors.raystedman.org/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://centos.mirror.constant.com/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://us.mirror.nsec.pt/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.oss.ou.edu/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.sesp.northwestern.edu/centos/8.2.2004/extras/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/AppStream/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/
http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/extras/x86_64/os/
그래서 전혀 다른데...
.repo 파일 콘텐츠(Centos만 나열되고 epel은 나열되지 않음):
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.
[appstream]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - AppStream
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=AppStream&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.
[baseos]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - BaseOS
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo
#
# All debug packages are merged into a single repo, split by basearch, and are
# not signed.
[debuginfo]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Debuginfo
baseurl=http://debuginfo.centos.org/$stream/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.
[extras]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Extras
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/extras/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.
[ha]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - HighAvailability
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=HighAvailability&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/HighAvailability/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Media.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
#
# You can use this repo to install items directly off the installation media.
# Verify your mount point matches one of the below file:// paths.
[media-baseos]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Media - BaseOS
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/BaseOS
file:///media/cdrom/BaseOS
file:///media/cdrecorder/BaseOS
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
[media-appstream]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Media - AppStream
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS/AppStream
file:///media/cdrom/AppStream
file:///media/cdrecorder/AppStream
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-Plus.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-Plus.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.
[plus]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - Plus
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/centosplus/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.
[powertools]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - PowerTools
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=PowerTools&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo:
# CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
#
# The mirrorlist system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick current mirrors that are geographically
# close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates unless you are
# manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist does not work for you, you can try the commented out
# baseurl line instead.
[rt]
name=CentOS Stream $releasever - RealTime
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$stream&arch=$basearch&repo=RT&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/RT/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
-----------------------------------------------------
답변1
RHEL 8 문서에서:
RHEL 8 콘텐츠는 BaseOS와 AppStream이라는 두 가지 주요 리포지토리를 통해 배포됩니다.
BaseOS BaseOS 저장소의 콘텐츠는 기본 운영 체제 기능의 핵심 세트를 제공하여 모든 설치의 기반을 제공하기 위한 것입니다. 이 컨텐츠는 RPM 형식으로 제공되며 이전 버전의 Red Hat Enterprise Linux와 유사한 지원 조건이 적용됩니다.
AppStream 리포지토리의 AppStream 콘텐츠에는 다양한 워크로드와 사용 사례를 지원하는 기타 사용자 공간 애플리케이션, 런타임 언어 및 데이터베이스가 포함되어 있습니다. AppStream의 콘텐츠는 친숙한 RPM 형식과 모듈이라는 RPM 형식 확장이라는 두 가지 형식 중 하나로 제공됩니다.
답변2
빠른 해결책은추가의 $releasever
-stream
미러 목록을 가져올 수 없는 각 저장소 의 경우 예를 들면 다음과 같습니다.
mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever-stream ...
이와 같이,
[BaseOS]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base
mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever-stream&arch=$basearch&repo=BaseOS&infra=$infra
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
답변3
귀하의 서버가 "Centos 8 Stream"을 실행 중입니다. 귀하의 가상 머신은 레거시 "Centos 8"을 실행하고 있습니다.
차이점이 무엇입니까? Centos는 전통적으로하류RHEL은 안정적이고 생산적인 운영 체제를 형성합니다. 이 프로세스는 다른 개발자가 RHEL 제품에 도움이 되는 코드를 기여할 수 있는 능력을 제한합니다. CentOS를 마이그레이션하여상류RHEL을 사용하면 Red Hat은 이러한 기여를 보다 쉽게 허용할 수 있으며 이는 궁극적으로 RHEL에 도움이 됩니다. CentOS Stream은 이제 Fedora와 RHEL 사이에 위치하며 레거시 CentOS 제품에 대한 지원은 곧 종료됩니다.
위키피디아에서:
2020년 12월, Red Hat과 CentOS 이사회는 CentOS Linux 개발이 2021년 말에 종료될 것이라고 발표했습니다. 그러나 CentOS 프로젝트는 관련 지속적 전달 배포판 CentOS Stream을 계속해서 생산할 것입니다.
수명 종료 날짜:
CentOS 8의 모든 업데이트는 2021년 12월 31일에 종료됩니다. 그러나 CentOS 7은 2024년 6월 30일까지 유지 관리 업데이트를 계속 받을 예정입니다.
https://wiki.centos.org/About/Product
대체 다운스트림 배포판을 만드는 프로젝트가 진행 중입니다(예: Rocky Linux -https://rockylinux.org/) 프로덕션 환경의 경우. 그러나 완료될 때까지는 몇 가지 옵션만 제공됩니다.
- CentOS 스트림 사용
- 다른 배포판으로 마이그레이션
- Red Hat은 이제 "무료 Red Hat 개발자 구독"을 통해 특정 수(8개 정도?)의 RHEL 인스턴스를 무료로 제공합니다. (https://developers.redhat.com/articles/faqs-no-cost-red-hat-enterprise-linux)
일부 사용자에게는 이것이 효과가 있을 수 있지만 많은 사람들이 Rocky Linux가 기존 CentOS를 즉시 대체할 수 있기를 바라며 계속 사용하고 있다고 확신합니다.