내 Debian 워크스테이션은 courier-mta를 설치하지 않습니다. 명령은 aptitude install courier-mta오류 없이 완료되는 것처럼 보이지만 실제로는 sendmail을 설치합니다.
내가 뭘 한거지
메일 전송 에이전트를 제공하는 패키지를 설치하지 않고 시작하겠습니다.
dpkg --get-selections 'courier*' 'sendmail*' 'exim*' sensible-mda | awk '{print $1}' | xargs sudo dpkg --purge --force-depends
...
root@treebeard:/etc/logcheck/violations.ignore.d$ dpkg -l 'courier*' 'sendmail*' 'exim*' sensible-mda
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-===============================================-============================-============================-===================================================================================================
un exim4 <none> (no description available)
dpkg-query: no packages found matching courier*
dpkg-query: no packages found matching sendmail*
dpkg-query: no packages found matching sensible-mda
그런 다음 courier-mta를 설치합니다.
root@treebeard:/etc/logcheck/violations.ignore.d$ sudo aptitude install courier-mta
The following NEW packages will be installed:
courier-authdaemon{a} courier-authlib{a} courier-authlib-userdb{a} courier-base{a} courier-mta
0 packages upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/1,261 kB of archives. After unpacking 2,887 kB will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?]
Preconfiguring packages ...
Configuring courier-base
------------------------
Courier uses several configuration files in /etc/courier. Some of these files can be replaced by a subdirectory whose contents are concatenated and treated as a single, consolidated, configuration file.
The web-based administration provided by the courier-webadmin package relies on configuration directories instead of configuration files. If you agree, any directories needed for the web-based administration tool
will be created unless there is already a plain file in place.
Create directories for web-based administration? no
Configuring courier-mta
-----------------------
Please specify a valid email domain. Most header rewriting functions will append this domain to all email addresses which do not specify a domain, such as local accounts.
Default domain: fake.domain
Please specify a valid value for the "From" header for mail delivery notifications. These notifications cannot be sent without that setting.
"From" header for delivery notifications: [email protected]
Selecting previously unselected package courier-authlib.
(Reading database ... 249566 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking courier-authlib (from .../courier-authlib_0.63.0-6+b1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package courier-authdaemon.
Unpacking courier-authdaemon (from .../courier-authdaemon_0.63.0-6+b1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package courier-authlib-userdb.
Unpacking courier-authlib-userdb (from .../courier-authlib-userdb_0.63.0-6+b1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package courier-base.
Unpacking courier-base (from .../courier-base_0.68.2-1_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package courier-mta.
Unpacking courier-mta (from .../courier-mta_0.68.2-1_i386.deb) ...
Adding 'diversion of /usr/bin/addcr to /usr/bin/addcr.ucspi-tcp by courier-mta'
Adding 'diversion of /usr/share/man/man1/addcr.1.gz to /usr/share/man/man1/addcr.ucspi-tcp.1.gz by courier-mta'
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up courier-authlib (0.63.0-6+b1) ...
Setting up courier-authdaemon (0.63.0-6+b1) ...
[ ok ] Starting Courier authentication services: authdaemond.
Setting up courier-authlib-userdb (0.63.0-6+b1) ...
Setting up courier-base (0.68.2-1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/deliverquota.courier to provide /usr/bin/deliverquota (deliverquota) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/man/man5/maildir.courier.5.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man5/maildir.5.gz (maildir.5.gz) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/maildirmake.courier to provide /usr/bin/maildirmake (maildirmake) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/man/man7/maildirquota.courier.7.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man7/maildirquota.7.gz (maildirquota.7.gz) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/makedat.courier to provide /usr/bin/makedat (makedat) in auto mode
Setting up courier-mta (0.68.2-1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/lockmail.courier to provide /usr/bin/lockmail (lockmail) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/preline.courier to provide /usr/bin/preline (preline) in auto mode
Starting Courier mail server: done.
Starting Courier mail filter: done.
Starting Courier SMTP server: done.
Current status: 0 broken [-2].
질문
courier-mta는 오류 없이 설치된 것으로 보이지만 courier-mta는 아직 설치되지 않았습니다. 대신 sendmail이 설치됩니다.
root@treebeard:/etc/logcheck/violations.ignore.d$ dpkg -l 'courier*' 'sendmail*' 'exim*' sensible-mda
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Architecture Description
+++-===============================================-============================-============================-===================================================================================================
ii courier-authdaemon 0.63.0-6+b1 i386 Courier authentication daemon
ii courier-authlib 0.63.0-6+b1 i386 Courier authentication library
ii courier-authlib-userdb 0.63.0-6+b1 i386 userdb support for the Courier authentication library
un courier-authmysql <none> (no description available)
un courier-authpostgresql <none> (no description available)
ii courier-base 0.68.2-1 i386 Courier mail server - base system
un courier-debug <none> (no description available)
un courier-doc <none> (no description available)
un courier-faxmail <none> (no description available)
un courier-filter-perl <none> (no description available)
un courier-imap <none> (no description available)
rc courier-mta 0.68.2-1 i386 Courier mail server - ESMTP daemon
un couriergrey <none> (no description available)
un exim4 <none> (no description available)
ii sendmail 8.14.4-4 all powerful, efficient, and scalable Mail Transport Agent
ii sendmail-base 8.14.4-4 all powerful, efficient, and scalable Mail Transport Agent
ii sendmail-bin 8.14.4-4 i386 powerful, efficient, and scalable Mail Transport Agent
ii sendmail-cf 8.14.4-4 all powerful, efficient, and scalable Mail Transport Agent
un sendmail-doc <none> (no description available)
un sendmail-tls <none> (no description available)
ii sensible-mda 8.14.4-4 i386 Mail Delivery Agent wrapper
sendmail-bin(및 해당 요구 사항)이 설치되었습니다. courier-mta에 필요한 패키지는 설치되어 있지만 courier-mta 자체는 설치되어 있지 않습니다.
역사
이것은 Debian Wheezy(안정적) 상자입니다. Debian Jessy(테스트)를 실행하고 있었지만 다음 /etc/apt/preferences 파일을 통해 Wheezy로 다운그레이드했습니다.
Package: *
Pin: release a=stable
Pin-Priority: 1001
그리고 /etc/apt/sources 파일을 다음과 같이 변경합니다.
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian wheezy main non-free contrib
deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
그리고 기억할 수 없는 일련의 apt-get/dpkg 명령을 통해. 욕도 많이 했던 기억이 나네요.
질문
courier-mta를 설치하려고 할 때 왜 sendmail-bin이 대신 설치됩니까?
답변1
문제를 제기하기 전에 일반적으로 깨끗한 가상 이미지를 테스트하여 내 문제가 잘못된 구성으로 인해 발생하지 않는지 확인합니다.
Debian 안정(gasp) 가상 머신:
apt-get install courier-mta sensible-mda
이미 작업 중입니다.
dpkg -l|grep -e mta -e courier -e exim -e sendmail -e sensible
산출:
ii courier-authdaemon 0.63.0-6+b1 i386 Courier authentication daemon
ii courier-authlib 0.63.0-6+b1 i386 Courier authentication library
ii courier-authlib-userdb 0.63.0-6+b1 i386 userdb support for the Courier authentication library
ii courier-base 0.68.2-1 i386 Courier mail server - base system
ii courier-mta 0.68.2-1 i386 Courier mail server - ESMTP daemon
rc exim4 4.80-7 all metapackage to ease Exim MTA (v4) installation
rc exim4-base 4.80-7 i386 support files for all Exim MTA (v4) packages
rc exim4-config 4.80-7 all configuration for the Exim MTA (v4)
rc exim4-daemon-light 4.80-7 i386 lightweight Exim MTA (v4) daemon
ii sensible-mda 8.14.4-4 i386 Mail Delivery Agent wrapper
ii sensible-utils 0.0.7 all Utilities for sensible alternative selection
괜찮아요.
내가 해냈어
time xz -dc debian-stable.img.xz >testsource.img
xz: debian-stable.img.xz: ok
real 0m35.918s
user 0m32.130s
sys 0m1.126s
그리고 kvm이 사진부터 시작해보세요. 그렇게 오래 걸리지 않았습니다.