나는 종종 /dev/sdX로 등록된 USB 드라이브 포맷을 처리합니다. 실수로 잘못된 명령을 입력하여 하드 드라이브를 포맷할 수 있었습니다.
이상적으로는 모든 /dev/sdX* 및 최대 모든 를 포함하여 특정 /dev/sdX 드라이버를 읽기 전용으로 만드는 UDEV 규칙을 작성하고 싶습니다 . 이렇게 하면 모든 AND가 실패 /dev/disc/by-*/*하게 됩니다 . 그러다가 정말 바꾸고 싶다면 언제든 바꿀 수 있어요 .dd of=/dev/sdXfdisk /dev/sdXmkfs /dev/sdXchmod +w
그러한 UDEV 규칙은 어떤 모습일까요? UDEV 규칙과 "일치"할 수 있도록 /dev/sdX 경로에 대한 정보를 어떻게 얻을 수 있습니까? 모든 /dev/sdX* 파티션을 일치시키는 방법은 무엇입니까?
# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-6.2.2-zen2-1-zen] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Western Digital Caviar Green
Device Model: WDC WD6400AAVS-00G9B1
Serial Number: WD-WCAUF2886253
LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 202989df7
Firmware Version: 05.04C05
User Capacity: 640,135,028,736 bytes [640 GB]
Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical
Device is: In smartctl database 7.3/5319
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 2.5, 3.0 Gb/s
Local Time is: Sun Mar 12 05:46:50 2023 CET
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
# udevadm info --query=all --attribute-walk --path=block/sda | cat
Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.
looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata6/host5/target5:0:0/5:0:0:0/block/sda':
KERNEL=="sda"
SUBSYSTEM=="block"
DRIVER==""
ATTR{alignment_offset}=="0"
ATTR{capability}=="0"
ATTR{discard_alignment}=="0"
ATTR{diskseq}=="1"
ATTR{events}==""
ATTR{events_async}==""
ATTR{events_poll_msecs}=="-1"
ATTR{ext_range}=="256"
ATTR{hidden}=="0"
ATTR{inflight}==" 0 0"
ATTR{integrity/device_is_integrity_capable}=="0"
ATTR{integrity/format}=="none"
ATTR{integrity/protection_interval_bytes}=="0"
ATTR{integrity/read_verify}=="0"
ATTR{integrity/tag_size}=="0"
ATTR{integrity/write_generate}=="0"
ATTR{mq/0/cpu_list}=="0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7"
ATTR{mq/0/nr_reserved_tags}=="0"
ATTR{mq/0/nr_tags}=="32"
ATTR{power/control}=="auto"
ATTR{power/runtime_active_time}=="0"
ATTR{power/runtime_status}=="unsupported"
ATTR{power/runtime_suspended_time}=="0"
ATTR{queue/add_random}=="1"
ATTR{queue/chunk_sectors}=="0"
ATTR{queue/dax}=="0"
ATTR{queue/discard_granularity}=="0"
ATTR{queue/discard_max_bytes}=="0"
ATTR{queue/discard_max_hw_bytes}=="0"
ATTR{queue/discard_zeroes_data}=="0"
ATTR{queue/dma_alignment}=="511"
ATTR{queue/fua}=="0"
ATTR{queue/hw_sector_size}=="512"
ATTR{queue/io_poll}=="0"
ATTR{queue/io_poll_delay}=="-1"
ATTR{queue/io_timeout}=="30000"
ATTR{queue/iosched/back_seek_max}=="16384"
ATTR{queue/iosched/back_seek_penalty}=="2"
ATTR{queue/iosched/fifo_expire_async}=="250"
ATTR{queue/iosched/fifo_expire_sync}=="125"
ATTR{queue/iosched/low_latency}=="1"
ATTR{queue/iosched/max_budget}=="0"
ATTR{queue/iosched/slice_idle}=="8"
ATTR{queue/iosched/slice_idle_us}=="8000"
ATTR{queue/iosched/strict_guarantees}=="0"
ATTR{queue/iosched/timeout_sync}=="125"
ATTR{queue/iostats}=="1"
ATTR{queue/logical_block_size}=="512"
ATTR{queue/max_discard_segments}=="1"
ATTR{queue/max_hw_sectors_kb}=="32767"
ATTR{queue/max_integrity_segments}=="0"
ATTR{queue/max_sectors_kb}=="1280"
ATTR{queue/max_segment_size}=="65536"
ATTR{queue/max_segments}=="168"
ATTR{queue/minimum_io_size}=="512"
ATTR{queue/nomerges}=="0"
ATTR{queue/nr_requests}=="64"
ATTR{queue/nr_zones}=="0"
ATTR{queue/optimal_io_size}=="0"
ATTR{queue/physical_block_size}=="512"
ATTR{queue/read_ahead_kb}=="128"
ATTR{queue/rotational}=="1"
ATTR{queue/rq_affinity}=="1"
ATTR{queue/scheduler}=="none mq-deadline kyber [bfq] "
ATTR{queue/stable_writes}=="0"
ATTR{queue/throttle_sample_time}=="100"
ATTR{queue/virt_boundary_mask}=="0"
ATTR{queue/write_cache}=="write back"
ATTR{queue/write_same_max_bytes}=="0"
ATTR{queue/write_zeroes_max_bytes}=="0"
ATTR{queue/zone_append_max_bytes}=="0"
ATTR{queue/zone_write_granularity}=="0"
ATTR{queue/zoned}=="none"
ATTR{range}=="16"
ATTR{removable}=="0"
ATTR{ro}=="0"
ATTR{size}=="1250263728"
ATTR{stat}==" 355 0 21348 2856 8 0 0 18 0 1424 2893 0 0 0 0 8 18"
ATTR{trace/act_mask}=="disabled"
ATTR{trace/enable}=="0"
ATTR{trace/end_lba}=="disabled"
ATTR{trace/pid}=="disabled"
ATTR{trace/start_lba}=="disabled"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata6/host5/target5:0:0/5:0:0:0':
KERNELS=="5:0:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS=="sd"
ATTRS{blacklist}==""
ATTRS{delete}=="(not readable)"
ATTRS{device_blocked}=="0"
ATTRS{device_busy}=="0"
ATTRS{dh_state}=="detached"
ATTRS{eh_timeout}=="10"
ATTRS{evt_capacity_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_inquiry_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_lun_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_media_change}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_mode_parameter_change_reported}=="0"
ATTRS{evt_soft_threshold_reached}=="0"
ATTRS{inquiry}==""
ATTRS{iocounterbits}=="32"
ATTRS{iodone_cnt}=="0x1c1"
ATTRS{ioerr_cnt}=="0x24"
ATTRS{iorequest_cnt}=="0x1c1"
ATTRS{iotmo_cnt}=="0x0"
ATTRS{model}=="WDC WD6400AAVS-0"
ATTRS{ncq_prio_enable}=="0"
ATTRS{ncq_prio_supported}=="0"
ATTRS{power/autosuspend_delay_ms}=="-1"
ATTRS{power/control}=="on"
ATTRS{power/runtime_active_time}=="741934"
ATTRS{power/runtime_status}=="active"
ATTRS{power/runtime_suspended_time}=="0"
ATTRS{queue_depth}=="32"
ATTRS{queue_ramp_up_period}=="120000"
ATTRS{queue_type}=="simple"
ATTRS{rescan}=="(not readable)"
ATTRS{rev}=="4C05"
ATTRS{scsi_level}=="6"
ATTRS{state}=="running"
ATTRS{timeout}=="30"
ATTRS{type}=="0"
ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA "
ATTRS{vpd_pg0}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pg80}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pg83}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pg89}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pgb0}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pgb1}==""
ATTRS{vpd_pgb2}==""
ATTRS{wwid}=="naa.50014ee202989df7"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata6/host5/target5:0:0':
KERNELS=="target5:0:0"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
ATTRS{power/control}=="auto"
ATTRS{power/runtime_active_time}=="741935"
ATTRS{power/runtime_status}=="active"
ATTRS{power/runtime_suspended_time}=="0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata6/host5':
KERNELS=="host5"
SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi"
DRIVERS==""
ATTRS{power/control}=="auto"
ATTRS{power/runtime_active_time}=="741936"
ATTRS{power/runtime_status}=="active"
ATTRS{power/runtime_suspended_time}=="314"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/ata6':
KERNELS=="ata6"
SUBSYSTEMS==""
DRIVERS==""
ATTRS{power/control}=="on"
ATTRS{power/runtime_active_time}=="742252"
ATTRS{power/runtime_status}=="active"
ATTRS{power/runtime_suspended_time}=="0"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2':
KERNELS=="0000:00:1f.2"
SUBSYSTEMS=="pci"
DRIVERS=="ahci"
ATTRS{ari_enabled}=="0"
ATTRS{broken_parity_status}=="0"
ATTRS{class}=="0x010601"
ATTRS{consistent_dma_mask_bits}=="64"
ATTRS{d3cold_allowed}=="1"
ATTRS{device}=="0x1e02"
ATTRS{dma_mask_bits}=="64"
ATTRS{driver_override}=="(null)"
ATTRS{enable}=="1"
ATTRS{irq}=="28"
ATTRS{local_cpulist}=="0-7"
ATTRS{local_cpus}=="ff"
ATTRS{msi_bus}=="1"
ATTRS{msi_irqs/28}=="msi"
ATTRS{numa_node}=="-1"
ATTRS{power/control}=="on"
ATTRS{power/runtime_active_time}=="742302"
ATTRS{power/runtime_status}=="active"
ATTRS{power/runtime_suspended_time}=="0"
ATTRS{power/wakeup}=="disabled"
ATTRS{power/wakeup_abort_count}==""
ATTRS{power/wakeup_active}==""
ATTRS{power/wakeup_active_count}==""
ATTRS{power/wakeup_count}==""
ATTRS{power/wakeup_expire_count}==""
ATTRS{power/wakeup_last_time_ms}==""
ATTRS{power/wakeup_max_time_ms}==""
ATTRS{power/wakeup_total_time_ms}==""
ATTRS{power_state}=="D0"
ATTRS{remapped_nvme}=="0"
ATTRS{remove}=="(not readable)"
ATTRS{rescan}=="(not readable)"
ATTRS{reset}=="(not readable)"
ATTRS{reset_method}=="af_flr"
ATTRS{revision}=="0x04"
ATTRS{subsystem_device}=="0x11d6"
ATTRS{subsystem_vendor}=="0x1734"
ATTRS{vendor}=="0x8086"
looking at parent device '/devices/pci0000:00':
KERNELS=="pci0000:00"
SUBSYSTEMS==""
DRIVERS==""
ATTRS{power/control}=="auto"
ATTRS{power/runtime_active_time}=="0"
ATTRS{power/runtime_status}=="unsupported"
ATTRS{power/runtime_suspended_time}=="0"
ATTRS{waiting_for_supplier}=="0"
답변1
이에 대한 udev 규칙을 만드는 것은 비교적 간단합니다. 다음을 추가하면 됩니다 /etc/udev/rules.d/yourname.rule.
ATTRS{wwid}=="naa.50014ee202989df7", MODE="0440"
여기서는 디스크와 고유하게 일치 wwid하도록 출력에 현재를 사용했습니다 . udevadm info --query=all --attribute-walk --path=/sys/block/sda모든 디스크에 대해 이 작업을 반복할 수 있습니다.
이 됩니다.아니요경계하십시오 mkfs /dev/sda1. 권한이 있어도 mkfs영향을 받지 않는 것 같습니다./dev/sda10000