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최근 SSD 드라이브에 Linux(MintOS)를 설치했습니다. 내 하드 드라이브에도 Windows 10이 있습니다. Windows는 Linux보다 먼저 설치되었습니다.
문제는 grub 로더가 Windows 로더를 인식하지 못하고 Windows에서 부팅할 수 없다는 것입니다.
해당 SSD에는 서로 다른 두 개의 OS가 있었던 것으로 기억합니다. grub 메뉴에는 문제가 없었고 해당 OS가 드라이브에서 발견되었습니다. 하지만 하드 드라이브(Windows)에서 부팅하려면 매번 BIOS를 사용합니다.
이제 상황은 동일합니다. 단, SSD에 OS가 1개만 있고 더 이상 Windows를 부팅할 수 없습니다. 창을 삭제하는 것은 옵션이 아닙니다.
부팅 복구로 이 문제를 해결해 보았더니 소프트웨어가 운영 체제(os-prober?)와 드라이브 등을 올바르게 감지했습니다. Grub은 Linux 구성에 대한 좋은 소개도 제공합니다. Windows가 감지되었지만 추가되지 않았습니다... :(
수리를 시작할 때 다음 플래그를 선택합니다.
- 그럽 다시 설치
- 부팅 메뉴 숨기기 해제
- sdb(linux가 있는 SSD)에 grub을 설치합니다. 별도의 /boot/efi 파티션이 선택되지 않았습니다.
- Windows 시작 파일 복구
- sdb3 linux는 기본 부팅 운영 체제입니다.
시동 복구 로그는 다음과 같습니다.
============================= Boot Repair Summary ==============================
Default settings: ______________________________________________________________
The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility would reinstall the grub2 of
sdb3 into the MBR of sdb.
Grub-efi would not be selected by default because legacy Windows detected.
Additional repair would be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s win-legacy-basic-fix
Final advice in case of suggested repair: ______________________________________
Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on sdb (ATA IR-SSDPR-S25A-12) disk!
User settings: _________________________________________________________________
This will install an obsolete bootloader (GRUB Legacy). Please backup your data before this operation.
The settings chosen by the user will reinstall the grub2 of
sdb3 into the MBR of sdb.
Grub-efi will not be selected by default because legacy Windows detected.
Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s win-legacy-basic-fix
Quantity of real Windows: 1
========================= Reinstall the grub2 of sdb3 ==========================
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sdb3 grub-install --version
grub-install (GRUB) 2.06-2ubuntu7.1
==> Reinstall the GRUB of sdb3 into the MBR of sdb
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sdb3 grub-install /dev/sdb
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sdb3 update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/50_linuxmint.cfg'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-56-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-56-generic
Warning: os-prober will be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Its output will be used to detect bootable binaries on them and create new boot entries.
Unhide GRUB boot menu in sdb3/boot/grub/grub.cfg
Boot successfully repaired.
You can now reboot your computer.
Please do not forget to make your BIOS boot on sdb (ATA IR-SSDPR-S25A-12) disk!
============================ Boot Info After Repair ============================
=> No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
=> Grub2 (v2.00) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 2048
of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and
looks for (,gpt3)/boot/grub. It also embeds following components:
modules
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
fshelp ext2 part_gpt biosdisk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
=> Syslinux MBR (5.00 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdc.
sda1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system:
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
sda2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 8/10/11/2012: NTFS
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System: Windows 8 or 10
Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe
sda3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ntfs
Boot sector type: Windows 2000/XP: NTFS
Boot sector info: According to the info in the boot sector, sda3 starts
at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk,
sda3 starts at sector 519923712.
Operating System:
Boot files:
sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: BIOS Boot partition
Boot sector type: Grub2's core.img
Boot sector info:
sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: FAT32
Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /efi/BOOT/fbx64.efi /efi/BOOT/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
/efi/ubuntu/shimx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg
sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: ext4
Boot sector type: -
Boot sector info:
Operating System: Linux Mint 21.1
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /etc/default/grub
/boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img
sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________
File system: vfat
Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 6.04
Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 32832 of /dev/sdc1 for its
second stage. The integrity check of Syslinux failed.
No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
Operating System:
Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux.cfg
/efi/boot/bootx64.efi /efi/boot/grubx64.efi
/efi/boot/mmx64.efi /ldlinux.sys
================================ 2 OS detected =================================
OS#1: Linux Mint 21.1 Vera (21.1) on sdb3
OS#2: Windows 8 or 10 on sda2
================================ Host/Hardware =================================
CPU architecture: 64-bit
Video: GK104 [GeForce GTX 770] from NVIDIA Corporation
Live-session OS is Linuxmint 64-bit (Linux Mint 21.1, vera, x86_64)
===================================== UEFI =====================================
BIOS/UEFI firmware: 1802(4.6) from American Megatrends Inc.
This live-session is in Legacy/BIOS/CSM mode (not in EFI mode).
c152ec201c37b6e97bbc2207e49d1271 sdb2/BOOT/fbx64.efi
fdafb5eece6caeccb788c946a28e6872 sdb2/BOOT/mmx64.efi
5ddf997e8b025bfbc2009e85b32f60dc sdb2/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
fdafb5eece6caeccb788c946a28e6872 sdb2/ubuntu/mmx64.efi
728124f6ec8e22fbdbe7034812c81b95 sdb2/ubuntu/shimx64.efi
728124f6ec8e22fbdbe7034812c81b95 sdb2/BOOT/BOOTX64.efi
============================= Drive/Partition Info =============================
Disks info: ____________________________________________________________________
sda : is-GPT, no-BIOSboot, has-noESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, has-win, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
sdb : is-GPT, hasBIOSboot, has---ESP, not-usb, not-mmc, has-os, no-wind, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes
Partitions info (1/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : is-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sda3 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, farbios
sdb2 : no-os, 32, nopakmgr, no-docgrub, nogrub, nogrubinstall, no-grubenv, noupdategrub, not-far
sdb3 : is-os, 64, apt-get, signed grub-pc grub-efi , grub2, grub-install, grubenv-ok, update-grub, farbios
Partitions info (2/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sda3 : isnotESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sdb2 : is---ESP, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
sdb3 : isnotESP, fstab-without-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, notwinboot
Partitions info (3/3): _________________________________________________________
sda2 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
sda3 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sda
sdb2 : not--sepboot, no---boot, part-has-no-fstab, not-sep-usr, no---usr, part-has-no-fstab, no--grub.d, sdb
sdb3 : not--sepboot, with-boot, fstab-without-boot, not-sep-usr, with--usr, fstab-without-usr, std-grub.d, sdb
fdisk -l (filtered): ___________________________________________________________
Disk sda: 931.51 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk identifier: 78E47EB1-EED8-44E8-85FC-7E3BE186D6CA
Start End Sectors Size Type
sda1 2048 34815 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
sda2 34816 519923711 519888896 247.9G Microsoft basic data
sda3 519923712 1953523711 1433600000 683.6G Microsoft basic data
Disk sdb: 111.79 GiB, 120034123776 bytes, 234441648 sectors
Disk identifier: 2B6D4B4B-FADE-4169-AC1F-21598C19C5E1
Start End Sectors Size Type
sdb1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
sdb2 4096 1054719 1050624 513M EFI System
sdb3 1054720 234440703 233385984 111.3G Linux filesystem
Disk sdc: 29.3 GiB, 31457280000 bytes, 61440000 sectors
Disk identifier: 0x00030679
Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
sdc1 * 2048 61439999 61437952 29.3G c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
parted -lm (filtered): _________________________________________________________
sda:1000GB:scsi:512:4096:gpt:ATA WDC WD10EZEX-00B:;
1:1049kB:17.8MB:16.8MB::Microsoft reserved partition:msftres;
2:17.8MB:266GB:266GB:ntfs:Basic data partition:msftdata;
3:266GB:1000GB:734GB:ntfs:Basic data partition:msftdata;
sdb:120GB:scsi:512:512:gpt:ATA IR-SSDPR-S25A-12:;
1:1049kB:2097kB:1049kB:btrfs::bios_grub;
2:2097kB:540MB:538MB:fat32:EFI System Partition:boot, esp;
3:540MB:120GB:119GB:ext4::;
sdc:31.5GB:scsi:512:512:msdos:VendorCo ProductCode:;
1:1049kB:31.5GB:31.5GB:fat32::boot, lba;
blkid (filtered): ______________________________________________________________
NAME FSTYPE UUID PARTUUID LABEL PARTLABEL
sda
├─sda1 8a47735e-847e-4e08-b7cf-9d242dac3f42 Microsoft reserved partition
├─sda2 ntfs C448EE9848EE890E 715729d9-1ab0-4a3a-a829-b2a6a909e4e6 Basic data partition
└─sda3 ntfs 01D7EC689D67D2E0 78020014-7be6-43d1-bc08-137656e47de0 D Basic data partition
sdb
├─sdb1 btrfs 6eff9117-2be7-4fe7-8538-030938804bc3 50aa9682-8317-4601-81d8-a745a89810cc
├─sdb2 vfat D3A6-386D 830148b5-746a-466b-af8d-7fb76a88f065 EFI System Partition
└─sdb3 ext4 d6be2234-9945-435c-829e-756c0e872a42 750e3efe-4797-4ff6-8be2-b19cbc280614
sdc
└─sdc1 vfat 3C77-F150 00030679-01 LINUX MINT
Mount points (filtered): _______________________________________________________
Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 164.6G 34% /mnt/boot-sav/sda2
/dev/sda3 555.6G 19% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3
/dev/sdb2 505.9M 1% /mnt/boot-sav/sdb2
/dev/sdb3 93G 10% /mnt/boot-sav/sdb3
/dev/sdc1 26.8G 9% /cdrom
Mount options (filtered): ______________________________________________________
/dev/sda2 fuseblk rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
/dev/sda3 fuseblk rw,relatime,user_id=0,group_id=0,allow_other,blksize=4096
/dev/sdb2 vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
/dev/sdb3 ext4 rw,relatime
/dev/sdc1 vfat ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro
===================== sdb2/efi/ubuntu/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
search.fs_uuid d6be2234-9945-435c-829e-756c0e872a42 root hd1,gpt3
set prefix=($root)'/boot/grub'
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
====================== sdb3/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Ubuntu d6be2234-9945-435c-829e-756c0e872a42
Ubuntu, with Linux 5.15.0-56-generic d6be2234-9945-435c-829e-756c0e872a42
### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ###
========================== sdb3/etc/fstab (filtered) ===========================
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sdb3 during installation
UUID=d6be2234-9945-435c-829e-756c0e872a42 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sdb2 during installation
/swapfile none swap sw 0 0
======================= sdb3/etc/default/grub (filtered) =======================
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=menu
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false
==================== sdb3: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
13.881172180 = 14.904795136 boot/grub/i386-pc/core.img 1
28.841812134 = 30.968659968 boot/vmlinuz 1
28.841812134 = 30.968659968 boot/vmlinuz-5.15.0-56-generic 1
26.887382507 = 28.870107136 boot/initrd.img 2
26.887382507 = 28.870107136 boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-56-generic 2
26.887382507 = 28.870107136 boot/initrd.img.old 2
===================== sdb3: ls -l /etc/grub.d/ (filtered) ======================
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 18683 Apr 15 2022 10_linux
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43031 Apr 15 2022 10_linux_zfs
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 14180 Apr 15 2022 20_linux_xen
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 13369 Apr 15 2022 30_os-prober
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1372 Apr 15 2022 30_uefi-firmware
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 700 Sep 20 03:18 35_fwupd
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 214 Apr 15 2022 40_custom
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 215 Apr 15 2022 41_custom
=========================== sdb3/etc/grub.d/35_fwupd ===========================
#! /bin/sh
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+
set -e
[ -d ${pkgdatadir:?} ]
# shellcheck source=/dev/null
. "$pkgdatadir/grub-mkconfig_lib"
if [ -f /var/lib/fwupd/uefi_capsule.conf ] &&
ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/fwupd-*-0abba7dc-e516-4167-bbf5-4d9d1c739416 1>/dev/null 2>&1; then
. /var/lib/fwupd/uefi_capsule.conf
if [ "${EFI_PATH}" != "" ] && [ "${ESP}" != "" ]; then
echo "Adding Linux Firmware Updater entry" >&2
cat << EOF
menuentry 'Linux Firmware Updater' \$menuentry_id_option 'fwupd' {
EOF
${grub_probe:?}
prepare_grub_to_access_device '`${grub_probe} --target=device \${ESP}` | sed -e "s/^/\t/"'
cat << EOF
chainloader ${EFI_PATH}
}
EOF
fi
fi
====================== sdc1/boot/grub/grub.cfg (filtered) ======================
Start Linux Mint 21.1 Cinnamon 64-bit
Start Linux Mint 21.1 Cinnamon 64-bit (compatibility mode)
OEM install (for manufacturers)
Boot from next volume
UEFI Firmware Settings
Test memory
========================= sdc1/syslinux.cfg (filtered) =========================
DEFAULT loadconfig
LABEL loadconfig
CONFIG /isolinux/isolinux.cfg
APPEND /isolinux/
==================== sdc1: Location of files loaded by Grub ====================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1
================== sdc1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux ==================
GiB - GB File Fragment(s)
?? = ?? syslinux.cfg 1
?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1
======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc =========================
/dev/sda1: unknown GPT attributes
8000000000000000
grub에 창을 추가하는 방법은 무엇입니까?
답변1
한 가지 가능한 해결책은 파일에 Windows 항목을 추가하는 것입니다("수동"으로 가정) /etc/grub.d/40_custom. 이 항목은 실행 시 update-grub자동으로 추가됩니다 .
정확한 것은 Windows 부트 로더 및/또는 기타 세부 사항에 따라 시행착오가 있을 수 있습니다.
한 가지 예( /etc/grub.d/40_custom). 이전 줄은 menuentry...이미 파일에 있으므로 다음 항목을 추가하기만 하면 됩니다.
#!/bin/sh
exec tail -n +3 $0
# This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
# menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
# the 'exec tail' line above.
# Add this
menuentry 'Windows' {
insmod ntfs
insmod ntldr
insmod part_msdos
insmod search_fs_uuid
# the uuid would be of the partition where the bootloader is, I assume sda2
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 715729d9-1ab0-4a3a-a829-b2a6a909e4e6
ntldr /bootmgr
}
컨텐츠를 추가한 후 실행해야 합니다 update-grub.
답변2
댓글을 남겨주신 모든 분들께 감사드립니다. 몇 시간 후에 해결책을 찾았습니다. 따라서 Windows 부팅 로더는 Linux 설치 후 삭제되며 부팅 복구를 통해 이를 복원할 수 없습니다.
실제로 Linux에서도 복구가 가능하지 않다고 생각합니다.
Windows 10 PE 라이브 USB를 만들었습니다. 그리고 c:\windows에서 bcdboot를 실행하세요. 방법은 모르겠지만 이 유틸리티는 현재 Linux가 설치된 SSD에 진입점을 추가했습니다. 이제 grub에 모든 메뉴 항목이 있습니다.
바라보다저것기사에서는 설명합니다.
또한, 이것이 뒤에서 어떻게 작동하는지 알고 싶습니다. 아시는 경우 댓글을 남겨주세요.