다양한 기간(3~7일) 후에도 계속 작동이 멈추는 홈 서버 문제의 원인을 찾으려고 합니다.
현재 실행 중인 Ubuntu 서버:
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy
하지만 이 문제는 Ubuntu 데스크탑에서도 발생합니다(보통 하루나 이틀 후). 머신의 세부 사항은 다음과 같습니다. 제가 수정한 유일한 사항은 기존 HDD를 SSD(Crucial_CT240M50, 자세한 내용은 아래 참조)로 교체한 것입니다.
SSD 문제에 대한 다른 토론을 바탕으로 다음을 추가해 보았습니다 /etc/default/grub.
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="libata.force=noncq"
memtest를 실행했지만 몇 시간 동안만 실행되었습니다.
journalctl아래에 포함된 출력을 모니터링하는 스크린 세션이 있습니다 . 나는 그것에 명백한 것을 보지 못합니다.
$ sudo lshw
myserver
description: Laptop
product: Latitude E6410
vendor: Dell Inc.
version: 0001
serial: XXXXXX
width: 64 bits
capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 smp vsyscall32
configuration: boot=normal chassis=laptop uuid=4c4c4544-0046-3510-8057-cac04f335131
*-core
description: Motherboard
product: 04373Y
vendor: Dell Inc.
physical id: 0
version: A03
serial: /JF5W3Q1/CN1296113H00EB/
*-firmware
description: BIOS
vendor: Dell Inc.
physical id: 0
version: A09
date: 05/26/2011
size: 64KiB
capacity: 1MiB
capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi usb ls120boot zipboot biosbootspecification
*-cpu
description: CPU
product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M 560 @ 2.67GHz
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 4
bus info: cpu@0
version: 6.37.5
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
slot: CPU 1
size: 1359MHz
capacity: 4GHz
width: 64 bits
clock: 533MHz
capabilities: lm fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt aes lahf_lm pti ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid dtherm ida arat flush_l1d cpufreq
configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=1 microcode=7 threads=2
*-cache:0
description: L1 cache
physical id: 5
slot: L1-Cache
size: 32KiB
capacity: 32KiB
capabilities: internal write-back unified
configuration: level=1
*-cache:1
description: L2 cache
physical id: 6
slot: L2-Cache
size: 512KiB
capacity: 512KiB
capabilities: internal varies unified
configuration: level=2
*-cache:2
description: L3 cache
physical id: 7
slot: L3-Cache
size: 3MiB
capacity: 3MiB
capabilities: internal varies unified
configuration: level=3
*-memory
description: System Memory
physical id: 19
slot: System board or motherboard
size: 4GiB
*-bank:0
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1067 MHz (0.9 ns)
product: HMT325S6BFR8C-H9
vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics)
physical id: 0
serial: 20739780
slot: DIMM_A
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1067MHz (0.9ns)
*-bank:1
description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1067 MHz (0.9 ns)
product: HMT325S6BFR8C-H9
vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics)
physical id: 1
serial: 20539780
slot: DIMM_B
size: 2GiB
width: 64 bits
clock: 1067MHz (0.9ns)
*-pci:0
description: Host bridge
product: Core Processor DRAM Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 100
bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-display
description: VGA compatible controller
product: Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 2
bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
logical name: /dev/fb0
version: 02
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom fb
configuration: depth=32 driver=i915 latency=0 resolution=1280,800
resources: irq:26 memory:f0000000-f03fffff memory:e0000000-efffffff ioport:70b0(size=8) memory:c0000-dffff
*-network
description: Ethernet interface
product: 82577LM Gigabit Network Connection
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 19
bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0
logical name: eno1
version: 05
serial: 5c:26:0a:44:b8:92
capacity: 1Gbit/s
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=5.15.0-39-generic firmware=0.12-1 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair
resources: irq:24 memory:f6900000-f691ffff memory:f6980000-f6980fff ioport:7040(size=32)
*-usb:0
description: USB controller
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1a
bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=ehci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f6970000-f69703ff
*-usbhost
product: EHCI Host Controller
vendor: Linux 5.15.0-39-generic ehci_hcd
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1
logical name: usb1
version: 5.15
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=3 speed=480Mbit/s
*-usb
description: USB hub
product: Integrated Rate Matching Hub
vendor: Intel Corp.
physical id: 1
bus info: usb@1:1
version: 0.00
capabilities: usb-2.00
configuration: driver=hub slots=6 speed=480Mbit/s
*-multimedia
description: Audio device
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1b
bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0
logical name: card0
logical name: /dev/snd/controlC0
logical name: /dev/snd/hwC0D0
logical name: /dev/snd/hwC0D1
logical name: /dev/snd/hwC0D3
logical name: /dev/snd/pcmC0D0c
logical name: /dev/snd/pcmC0D0p
logical name: /dev/snd/pcmC0D3p
logical name: /dev/snd/pcmC0D7p
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0
resources: irq:28 memory:f6960000-f6963fff
*-input:0
product: HDA Intel MID Dock Mic
physical id: 0
logical name: input10
logical name: /dev/input/event9
*-input:1
product: HDA Intel MID Mic
physical id: 1
logical name: input11
logical name: /dev/input/event10
*-input:2
product: HDA Intel MID Dock Line Out
physical id: 2
logical name: input12
logical name: /dev/input/event11
*-input:3
product: HDA Intel MID Headphone
physical id: 3
logical name: input13
logical name: /dev/input/event12
*-input:4
product: HDA Intel MID HDMI/DP,pcm=3
physical id: 4
logical name: input14
logical name: /dev/input/event13
*-input:5
product: HDA Intel MID HDMI/DP,pcm=7
physical id: 5
logical name: input15
logical name: /dev/input/event14
*-pci:0
description: PCI bridge
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:16 ioport:6000(size=4096) memory:f5500000-f68fffff ioport:f6a00000(size=2097152)
*-pci:1
description: PCI bridge
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.1
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:17 ioport:5000(size=4096) memory:f4100000-f54fffff ioport:f6c00000(size=2097152)
*-network
description: Wireless interface
product: Centrino Advanced-N 6200
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
logical name: wlp2s0
version: 35
serial: 18:3d:a2:1e:5c:14
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=5.15.0-39-generic firmware=9.221.4.1 build 25532 6000-4.uc ip=192.168.8.132 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
resources: irq:27 memory:f4100000-f4101fff
*-pci:2
description: PCI bridge
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 3
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.2
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:18 ioport:2000(size=8192) memory:f0400000-f2cfffff ioport:f6e00000(size=2097152)
*-pcmcia
description: CardBus bridge
product: CardBus bridge
vendor: Ricoh Co Ltd
physical id: 0
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pcmcia bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=yenta_cardbus latency=176 maxlatency=5 mingnt=128
resources: irq:18 memory:f2c40000-f2c40fff ioport:2000(size=256) ioport:2400(size=256) memory:f0400000-f17fffff memory:f1800000-f1bfffff
*-generic
description: MMC Host
product: MMC/SD Host Controller
vendor: Ricoh Co Ltd
physical id: 0.1
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.1
logical name: mmc0
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm pciexpress bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=0
resources: irq:19 memory:f2c30000-f2c300ff
*-firewire
description: FireWire (IEEE 1394)
product: R5C832 PCIe IEEE 1394 Controller
vendor: Ricoh Co Ltd
physical id: 0.4
bus info: pci@0000:03:00.4
version: 03
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: msi pm pciexpress ohci bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=firewire_ohci latency=0
resources: irq:16 memory:f2c00000-f2c007ff
*-pci:3
description: PCI bridge
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 4
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1c.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.3
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=pcieport
resources: irq:19 ioport:4000(size=4096) memory:f2d00000-f40fffff ioport:f7000000(size=2097152)
...
*-pci:4
description: PCI bridge
product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1e
bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0
version: a5
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list
*-isa
description: ISA bridge
product: QM57 Chipset LPC Interface Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=lpc_ich latency=0
resources: irq:0
*-pnp00:00
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 0
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-pnp00:01
product: PnP device PNP0b00
physical id: 1
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=rtc_cmos
*-pnp00:02
product: PnP device PNP0303
physical id: 2
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=i8042 kbd
*-pnp00:03
product: PnP device BCM0102
physical id: 3
capabilities: pnp
*-pnp00:04
product: PnP device PNP0401
physical id: 4
capabilities: pnp
*-pnp00:05
product: PnP device DLL040a
physical id: 5
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=i8042 aux
*-pnp00:06
product: PnP device PNP0c02
physical id: 6
capabilities: pnp
configuration: driver=system
*-sata
description: SATA controller
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 6 port SATA AHCI Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.2
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2
logical name: scsi1
logical name: scsi2
version: 05
width: 32 bits
clock: 66MHz
capabilities: sata msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated
configuration: driver=ahci latency=0
resources: irq:25 ioport:7090(size=8) ioport:7080(size=4) ioport:7070(size=8) ioport:7060(size=4) ioport:7020(size=32) memory:f6940000-f69407ff
*-disk
description: ATA Disk
product: Crucial_CT240M50
physical id: 0
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/sdb
version: MU05
serial: 14160C16BA88
size: 223GiB (240GB)
capabilities: gpt-1.00 partitioned partitioned:gpt
configuration: ansiversion=5 guid=257b4e05-6829-4f67-9f7a-2fe9b6cd3ef3 logicalsectorsize=512 sectorsize=4096
*-volume:0
description: BIOS Boot partition
vendor: EFI
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0,1
logical name: /dev/sdb1
serial: f4f11d64-5ae1-420e-b322-2f6a02920ca5
capacity: 1023KiB
capabilities: nofs
*-volume:1
description: EXT4 volume
vendor: Linux
physical id: 2
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0,2
logical name: /dev/sdb2
logical name: /boot
version: 1.0
serial: eb2f587e-299c-49dd-a64a-e00f40ac938f
size: 2GiB
capabilities: journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover 64bit extents ext4 ext2 initialized
configuration: created=2022-06-15 13:59:12 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/boot modified=2022-06-21 09:50:00 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime mounted=2022-06-21 09:50:00 state=mounted
*-volume:2
description: EFI partition
physical id: 3
bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0,3
logical name: /dev/sdb3
serial: CZGUeW-IDhM-skwK-ZpMa-ggTo-EFX0-drrp9s
size: 221GiB
capabilities: lvm2
*-cdrom
description: DVD-RAM writer
product: DVD+-RW GU40N
vendor: HL-DT-ST
physical id: 1
bus info: scsi@2:0.0.0
logical name: /dev/cdrom
logical name: /dev/sr0
version: A102
capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
*-serial
description: SMBus
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.3
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
configuration: driver=i801_smbus latency=0
resources: irq:18 memory:f6930000-f69300ff ioport:7000(size=32)
*-generic
description: Signal processing controller
product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 1f.6
bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.6
version: 05
width: 64 bits
clock: 33MHz
capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list
configuration: driver=intel ips latency=0
resources: irq:18 memory:f6920000-f6920fff
*-pci:1
description: Host bridge
product: Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-core Registers
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 101
bus info: pci@0000:3f:00.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:2
description: Host bridge
product: Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 102
bus info: pci@0000:3f:00.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:3
description: Host bridge
product: Core Processor QPI Link 0
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 103
bus info: pci@0000:3f:02.0
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:4
description: Host bridge
product: 1st Generation Core i3/5/7 Processor QPI Physical 0
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 104
bus info: pci@0000:3f:02.1
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:5
description: Host bridge
product: 1st Generation Core i3/5/7 Processor Reserved
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 105
bus info: pci@0000:3f:02.2
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-pci:6
description: Host bridge
product: 1st Generation Core i3/5/7 Processor Reserved
vendor: Intel Corporation
physical id: 106
bus info: pci@0000:3f:02.3
version: 02
width: 32 bits
clock: 33MHz
*-battery
product: DELL ND8CG0C
vendor: SMP
physical id: 1
version: 12/26/2010
serial: 0753
slot: Sys. Battery Bay
configuration: voltage=11.1V
*-power UNCLAIMED
description: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
product: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
vendor: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
physical id: 2
version: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
serial: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
capacity: 32768mWh
*-input:0
product: Lid Switch
physical id: 3
logical name: input0
logical name: /dev/input/event0
capabilities: platform
*-input:1
product: Power Button
physical id: 4
logical name: input1
logical name: /dev/input/event1
capabilities: platform
*-input:2
product: Sleep Button
physical id: 5
logical name: input2
logical name: /dev/input/event2
capabilities: platform
*-input:3
product: Power Button
physical id: 6
logical name: input3
logical name: /dev/input/event3
capabilities: platform
*-input:4
product: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
physical id: 7
logical name: input4
logical name: /dev/input/event4
logical name: input4::capslock
logical name: input4::numlock
logical name: input4::scrolllock
capabilities: i8042
*-input:5
product: AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint TouchPad
physical id: 8
logical name: input6
logical name: /dev/input/event6
logical name: /dev/input/mouse1
capabilities: i8042
*-input:6
product: AlpsPS/2 ALPS DualPoint Stick
physical id: 9
logical name: input7
logical name: /dev/input/event5
logical name: /dev/input/mouse0
capabilities: i8042
*-input:7
product: Video Bus
physical id: a
logical name: input8
logical name: /dev/input/event7
capabilities: platform
*-input:8
product: Dell WMI hotkeys
physical id: b
logical name: input9
logical name: /dev/input/event8
capabilities: platform
$inxi
CPU: dual core Intel Core i5 M 560 (-MT MCP-)
speed/min/max: 1525/1199/2667 MHz Kernel: 5.15.0-39-generic x86_64 Up: 5m
Mem: 484.8/3786.8 MiB (12.8%) Storage: 2.95 TiB (0.3% used) Procs: 161
Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.13
$journalctl
Jun 30 00:11:38 myserver systemd[1]: Failed to start Refresh fwupd metadata and update motd.
Jun 30 00:17:01 myserver CRON[28905]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 00:17:01 myserver CRON[28906]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jun 30 00:17:01 myserver CRON[28905]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Jun 30 00:19:16 myserver smbd[28548]: pam_unix(samba:session): session closed for user nobody
Jun 30 00:11:38 myserver systemd[1]: Failed to start Refresh fwupd metadata and update motd.
Jun 30 00:17:01 myserver CRON[28905]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 00:17:01 myserver CRON[28906]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jun 30 00:17:01 myserver CRON[28905]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Jun 30 00:19:16 myserver smbd[28548]: pam_unix(samba:session): session closed for user nobody
GNU nano 4.8 hardcopy.0
Jun 30 01:17:01 myserver CRON[28948]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 01:17:01 myserver CRON[28949]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jun 30 01:17:01 myserver CRON[28948]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Jun 30 01:34:55 myserver systemd[1]: Starting Daily man-db regeneration...
Jun 30 01:34:56 myserver systemd[1]: man-db.service: Deactivated successfully.
Jun 30 01:34:56 myserver systemd[1]: Finished Daily man-db regeneration.
Jun 30 02:17:01 myserver CRON[28997]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 02:17:01 myserver CRON[28998]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jun 30 02:17:01 myserver CRON[28997]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Jun 30 03:10:01 myserver CRON[29035]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 03:10:01 myserver CRON[29036]: (root) CMD (test -e /run/systemd/system || SERVICE_MODE=1 /sbin/e2scrub_all -A -r)
Jun 30 03:10:01 myserver CRON[29035]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Jun 30 03:17:01 myserver CRON[29042]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 03:17:01 myserver CRON[29043]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jun 30 03:17:01 myserver CRON[29042]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Jun 30 03:22:35 myserver snapd[795]: storehelpers.go:722: cannot refresh: snap has no updates available: "core18", "core20", "lxd", "snapd
", "zerotier"
Jun 30 03:22:35 myserver snapd[795]: autorefresh.go:539: auto-refresh: all snaps are up-to-date
Jun 30 03:29:38 myserver systemd[1]: Starting Ubuntu Advantage Timer for running repeated jobs...
Jun 30 03:29:38 myserver systemd[1]: ua-timer.service: Deactivated successfully.
Jun 30 03:29:38 myserver systemd[1]: Finished Ubuntu Advantage Timer for running repeated jobs.
Jun 30 04:17:01 myserver CRON[29094]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 04:17:01 myserver CRON[29095]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jun 30 04:17:01 myserver CRON[29094]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
Jun 30 05:17:01 myserver CRON[29132]: pam_unix(cron:session): session opened for user root(uid=0) by (uid=0)
Jun 30 05:17:01 myserver CRON[29133]: (root) CMD ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly)
Jun 30 05:17:01 myserver CRON[29132]: pam_unix(cron:session): session closed for user root
client_loop: send disconnect: Broken pipe