내가 실행하면 (sudo를 사용하여)
sudo find / -xdev -type f ! -path '/home/blueray/*' ! -path '/timeshift/*' > log.txt
아무런 문제 없이 잘 작동합니다.
그러나 sudo 없이 동일한 명령을 실행하면 콘솔에 일부 오류가 발생합니다. 검색 결과 log.txt가 정확합니다(문제 없음). 하지만 오류 메시지를 이해하지 못합니다.
% find / -xdev -type f ! -path '/home/blueray/*' ! -path '/timeshift/*' > log.txt
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/etc/ssl/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/log/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/log/speech-dispatcher’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/spool/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/spool/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/spool/cron/crontabs’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/apt/lists/partial’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/colord/.cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/AccountsService/users’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/bluetooth/5C:F3:70:93:BD:85’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/lightdm-data/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/polkit-1’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/udisks2’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/NetworkManager’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/lib/tor’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/apparmor/26b63962.0’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/lightdm/dmrc’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/cache/ldconfig’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-tor@default.service-frAbZe’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-systemd-logind.service-EWXwaj’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-ModemManager.service-0wY2Hh’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-colord.service-HLWVQf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-upower.service-ecD4ii’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-systemd-resolved.service-Qxjpij’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/var/tmp/systemd-private-84c1e6e852b747ea9d34d17ca664b32b-systemd-timesyncd.service-Kf61Zi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/root’: Permission denied
find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-09_22-00-46/localhost/boot/efi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/libvirt/secrets’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/polkit-1/localauthority’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/ssl/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/etc/cups/ssl’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/log/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/log/speech-dispatcher’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/spool/rsyslog’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/spool/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/spool/cron/crontabs’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/apt/lists/partial’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/colord/.cache’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/AccountsService/users’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/portables’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/libvirt/qemu’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/machines’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/bluetooth/5C:F3:70:93:BD:85’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/lightdm-data/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/polkit-1’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/udisks2’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/NetworkManager’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/lightdm’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/tor’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/lib/fwupd/gnupg’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/apt/archives/partial’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/private’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/apparmor/26b63962.0’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/lightdm/dmrc’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/cups’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/cache/ldconfig’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-ModemManager.service-G72K7i’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-colord.service-2B8Ofg’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-tor@default.service-TaP1xi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-logind.service-rnYjPi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-timesyncd.service-U7G6Lf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-resolved.service-ABf5Xe’: Permission denied
find: ‘/var/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-upower.service-WW9yYi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/root’: Permission denied
find: ‘/lost+found’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-upower.service-F7Rtjf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-tor@default.service-nYCXFi’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-colord.service-qGi0sf’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-logind.service-FhyyUh’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-resolved.service-luOB7f’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-ModemManager.service-d1MZ7g’: Permission denied
find: ‘/tmp/systemd-private-c9d7a83d6f844d998e8423d94d48ce3f-systemd-timesyncd.service-79KkRe’: Permission denied
find 명령에 사용했는데도 find: ‘/timeshift/snapshots/....’: Permission denied왜 이렇게 표시됩니까 ? ! -path '/timeshift/*'내 상식에 따르면 find 명령은 검색에서 제외된 디렉토리의 권한을 신경 쓸 필요가 없습니다.
그렇다면 정확히 무슨 일이 일어나고 있으며 sudo를 사용하지 않고 이러한 오류 메시지를 제거하는 방법은 무엇입니까? 내 말은, find 명령에 "제외 후 검색" 또는 이와 유사한 것을 의미하는 위치 인수가 있다는 것입니다.
답변1
를 사용하면 -path현재 경로 이름이 패턴과 일치하는지 테스트한 다음 이를 제외하거나 계속 처리할 수 있습니다. find하위 디렉토리로 들어가는 것을 멈추지 않습니다 .
검색 트리를 정리하려면(검색에서 디렉터리 제거) 을 사용합니다 -prune.
find / -xdev \
\( -path '/home/blueray' -o -path '/timeshift' \) -prune -o \
-type f -print
이는 두 테스트 중 하나와 일치하는 경로를 잘라내고 -path일반 파일에 해당하는 다른 모든 경로 이름을 출력합니다. 잘린 경로는 입력되지 않으므로 find위 명령에서 /home/blueray또는 아래의 모든 항목은 /timeshift고려되지 않습니다 find.