"금지된" 권한이 있어서 CGI(Common Gateway Interface) 프로그램을 HTML 페이지에서 실행할 수 없습니다.

2024-6-7 • tag-icon

"금지된" 권한이 있어서 CGI(Common Gateway Interface) 프로그램을 HTML 페이지에서 실행할 수 없습니다.

이 Wikipedia 페이지에서 샘플 CGI 프로그램을 실행하려고 합니다.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface

HTML 코드는 다음과 같으며, 파일명은 "add.html" 입니다.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <body>
  <form action="add.cgi" method="POST">
   <fieldset>
     <legend>Enter two numbers to add</legend>
     <label>First Number: <input type="number" name="num1"></label><br/>
     <label>Second Number: <input type="number" name="num2"></label><br/>
   </fieldset>
   <button>Add</button>
  </form>
 </body>
</html>

CGI 코드는 다음과 같으며, 파일명은 "add.cgi"이다.

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import cgi, cgitb
cgitb.enable()

input_data = cgi.FieldStorage()

print('Content-Type: text/html') # HTML is following
print('')                         # Leave a blank line
print('<h1>Addition Results</h1>')
try:
    num1 = int(input_data["num1"].value)
    num2 = int(input_data["num2"].value)
except:
    print('<output>Sorry, the script cannot turn your inputs into numbers (integers).</output>')
    raise SystemExit(1)
print('<output>{0} + {1} = {2}</output>'.format(num1, num2, num1 + num2))

내 아파치 구성 파일은 다음 위치에 있습니다.

User@User-VirtualBox:/etc/apache2/sites-available$ sudo vim 000-default.conf

코드는 아래와 같이 표시됩니다.

<VirtualHost *:80>
        # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
        # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
        # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
        # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
        # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
        # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
        # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
        #ServerName www.example.com

        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        <Directory /var/www/>
                Options ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride None
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
                AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
        </Directory>
        # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
        # error, crit, alert, emerg.
        # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
        # modules, e.g.
        #LogLevel info ssl:warn

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

        # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
        # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
        # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
        # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
        # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
        #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf 




</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

Apache 구성 파일은 여기에 있습니다

User@User-VirtualBox:/etc/apache2$ sudo vim apache2.conf

apache2.conf의 코드는 다음과 같습니다

# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/ for detailed information about
# the directives and /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian about Debian specific
# hints.
#
#
# Summary of how the Apache 2 configuration works in Debian:
# The Apache 2 web server configuration in Debian is quite different to
# upstream's suggested way to configure the web server. This is because Debian's
# default Apache2 installation attempts to make adding and removing modules,
# virtual hosts, and extra configuration directives as flexible as possible, in
# order to make automating the changes and administering the server as easy as
# possible.

# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
#
#       /etc/apache2/
#       |-- apache2.conf
#       |       `--  ports.conf
#       |-- mods-enabled
#       |       |-- *.load
#       |       `-- *.conf
#       |-- conf-enabled
#       |       `-- *.conf
#       `-- sites-enabled
#               `-- *.conf
#
#
# * apache2.conf is the main configuration file (this file). It puts the pieces
#   together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the
#   web server.
#
# * ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is
#   supposed to determine listening ports for incoming connections which can be
#   customized anytime.
#
# * Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/
#   directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules,
#   global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations,
#   respectively.
#
#   They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
#   respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
#   helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite and a2enconf/a2disconf. See
#   their respective man pages for detailed information.
#
# * The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in
#   the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with
#   /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not
#   work with the default configuration.


# Global configuration
#

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# NOTE!  If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)
# mounted filesystem then please read the Mutex documentation (available
# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#mutex>);
# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.
#
# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.
#
#ServerRoot "/etc/apache2"

#
# The accept serialization lock file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.
#
#Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR} default

#
# The directory where shm and other runtime files will be stored.
#

DefaultRuntimeDir ${APACHE_RUN_DIR}

#
# PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process
# identification number when it starts.
# This needs to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
#
PidFile ${APACHE_PID_FILE}

#
# Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.
#
Timeout 300

#
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than
# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.
#
KeepAlive On

#
# MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow
# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.
# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.
#
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100

#
# KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the
# same client on the same connection.
#
KeepAliveTimeout 5


# These need to be set in /etc/apache2/envvars
User ${APACHE_RUN_USER}
Group ${APACHE_RUN_GROUP}

#
# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses
# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).
# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people
# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that
# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the
# nameserver.
#
HostnameLookups Off

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

#
# LogLevel: Control the severity of messages logged to the error_log.
# Available values: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
# error, crit, alert, emerg.
# It is also possible to configure the log level for particular modules, e.g.
# "LogLevel info ssl:warn"
#
LogLevel warn

# Include module configuration:
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.load
IncludeOptional mods-enabled/*.conf

# Include list of ports to listen on
Include ports.conf


# Sets the default security model of the Apache2 HTTPD server. It does
# not allow access to the root filesystem outside of /usr/share and /var/www.
# The former is used by web applications packaged in Debian,
# the latter may be used for local directories served by the web server. If
# your system is serving content from a sub-directory in /srv you must allow
# access here, or in any related virtual host.
<Directory />
        Options FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Require all denied
</Directory>

<Directory /usr/share>
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
</Directory>

<Directory /var/www/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
</Directory>

#<Directory /srv/>
#       Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#       AllowOverride None
#       Require all granted
#</Directory>




# AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory
# for additional configuration directives.  See also the AllowOverride
# directive.
#
AccessFileName .htaccess

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
        Require all denied
</FilesMatch>


#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive.
#
# These deviate from the Common Log Format definitions in that they use %O
# (the actual bytes sent including headers) instead of %b (the size of the
# requested file), because the latter makes it impossible to detect partial
# requests.
#
# Note that the use of %{X-Forwarded-For}i instead of %h is not recommended.
# Use mod_remoteip instead.
#
LogFormat "%v:%p %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" vhost_combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %O" common
LogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" referer
LogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent

# Include of directories ignores editors' and dpkg's backup files,
# see README.Debian for details.

# Include generic snippets of statements
IncludeOptional conf-enabled/*.conf

# Include the virtual host configurations:
IncludeOptional sites-enabled/*.conf

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet


#########     Adding capaility to run CGI-scripts #################
ServerName localhost
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/www/cgi-bin/
Options +ExecCGI
AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .py

다음 디렉토리에 add.html 및 add.cgi도 있지만

User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo vim add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo vim add.html

다음 명령을 실행하여 실행 가능하게 만들려고했습니다.


User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo chmod a+x add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox:/usr/lib/cgi-bin$ sudo chmod a+x add.html

이제 다음 URL에서 add.html을 실행하려고 하면

http://localhost/cgi-bin/add.html

허용되지 않는 "금지된" 허가를 받았습니다.

스크립트를 작동시키는 방법에 대한 제안이 있는 사람이 있습니까? 아니면 저를 작동하는 cgi 스크립트에 연결해 줄 수도 있습니다. 저는 어찌할 바를 모르고 무엇을 더 시도해야 할지 모르겠습니다.

어떤 의견이라도 정말 감사하겠습니다. 감사합니다.

고쳐 쓰다:파일을 다음 디렉터리로 이동하고 다음 명령을 사용하여 실행 권한을 부여하고 아파치를 다시 로드했습니다.

User@User-VirtualBox:/$ cd /var/www/html
User@User-VirtualBox: /var/www/html$ sudo vim add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox: /var/www/html$ sudo vim add.html
User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$ sudo chmod a+x add.cgi
User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$ sudo chmod a+x add.html
User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$ systemctl reload apache2

add.html 파일 로딩

하지만 추가 버튼을 누르면 여전히 같은 문제가 발생합니다.

다음은 Apache에서 제공한 마지막 두 오류 코드입니다.

User@User-VirtualBox:/var/www/html$     sudo tail -n 2 /var/log/apache2/error.log
[Mon Jul 26 21:14:05.882030 2021] [core:notice] [pid 770:tid 139880185056320] AH00094: Command line: '/usr/sbin/apache2'
[Mon Jul 26 21:40:13.567334 2021] [authz_core:error] [pid 772:tid 139880105506560] [client 127.0.0.1:42216] AH01630: client denied by server configuration: /usr/www

업데이트 2

다음 코드는 사용된 MPM 및 CGI 모듈을 보여줍니다.

User@User-VirtualBox:~$ ls /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm* /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgi*
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgid.conf  /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm_event.conf
/etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgid.load  /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm_event.load

답변1

데비안 스타일의 Apache 구성 트리가 있는 것 같습니다. 배포판마다 Apache 구성 파일의 레이아웃이 다르므로 사용 중인 운영 체제 또는 Linux 배포판의 이름을 언급하는 것이 유용합니다.

어떤 MPM 및 CGI 모듈을 사용합니까? 결과를 표시하려면 질문을 편집하십시오 ls /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/mpm* /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/cgi*.

Apache 웹 서버 문서에는 mod_cgi 모듈에 대해 다음과 같이 나와 있습니다.

unix에서 다중 스레드 MPM을 사용할 때 mod_cgid이 모듈을 대신 사용해야 합니다 .

따라서 classic 을 사용한다면 괜찮습니다 mpm_prefork. 그러나 성능 및/또는 HTTP/2 지원을 위해 or 를 mod_cgi사용하는 경우 대신 를 사용해야 합니다 .mpm_workermpm_eventmod_cgid

활성화하지도 활성화하지도 않은 경우 mod_cgi( mod_cgid각각 사용 a2enmod cgi또는 활성화 a2enmod cgid) CGI 스크립트가 작동하지 않는 이유가 여기에 있을 수 있습니다.

참고: a2enmod명령은 a2dismodDebian 및 관련 배포판과 특정 Apache 구성 파일 레이아웃에만 적용됩니다. 더 간단한 Apache 기본 구성을 사용하는 다른 배포판에는 나타나지 않습니다.

이 메시지는 귀하가 실제로 심볼릭 링크일 수 있음 AH01630: client denied by server configuration: /usr/www을 나타냅니다 . Apache 구성의 모든 블록/var/www/usr/www<Directory>~ 해야 하다기호 링크를 통한 경로가 아닌 실제 경로를 참조하십시오. 따라서 realpath /var/www/html/add.cgi반환하면 콘텐츠가 올바르지 않게 되며 로 바꿔야 합니다./usr/www/html/add.cgi<Directory /var/www/><Directory /usr/www/>

원천:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#directory

디렉터리 경로 매개변수에 주의하세요. 파일에 액세스하기 위해 Apache httpd에서 사용하는 파일 시스템 경로와 정확히 일치해야 합니다. Apply-to-Specific 지시문은 <Directory>동일한 디렉터리에서 다른 경로(예: 다른 기호 링크를 통해)를 통해 액세스되는 파일에는 적용되지 않습니다.

답변2

사용 중인 URL을 확인하세요.

file:///var/www/html/add.html

웹 서버가 아닌 파일 시스템에서 직접 HTML 양식을 로드합니다. 양식 작업에 대한 상대 경로를 사용했으며 add.cgi로 변환됩니다 file:///var/www/html/add.cgi. 웹 브라우저가 이 파일을 열고 해당 내용을 나열했습니다.

이 시도

http://localhost/add.html

해당 상대 작업은 다음과 같습니다 http://localhost/add.cgi. 웹 서버가 사용자를 대신하여 코드를 실행하도록 허용합니다.

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