apt-cache show 출력에 표시된 패키지의 Debian 분기를 식별하는 방법`?

Question 1

apt-cache show설명하는 "분기"가 무엇인지는 알려주지 않지만 apt show다음을 수행합니다.

$ apt show -a tmux
Package: tmux
Version: 3.1c-1
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Maintainer: Romain Francoise <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 850 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.27), libevent-2.1-7 (>= 2.1.8-stable), libtinfo6 (>= 6), libutempter0 (>= 1.1.5)
Homepage: https://tmux.github.io/
Tag: hardware::input:keyboard, implemented-in::c, interface::text-mode,
 role::program, scope::application, works-with::software:running
Download-Size: 362 kB
APT-Sources: http://deb.debian.org/debian testing/main amd64 Packages
Description: terminal multiplexer
 tmux enables a number of terminals (or windows) to be accessed and
 controlled from a single terminal like screen. tmux runs as a
 server-client system. A server is created automatically when necessary
 and holds a number of sessions, each of which may have a number of
 windows linked to it. Any number of clients may connect to a session,
 or the server may be controlled by issuing commands with tmux.
 Communication takes place through a socket, by default placed in /tmp.
 Moreover tmux provides a consistent and well-documented command
 interface, with the same syntax whether used interactively, as a key
 binding, or from the shell. It offers a choice of vim or Emacs key
 layouts.

Package: tmux
Version: 2.8-3
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Maintainer: Romain Francoise <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 697 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.27), libevent-2.1-6 (>= 2.1.8-stable), libtinfo6 (>= 6), libutempter0 (>= 1.1.5)
Homepage: https://tmux.github.io/
Tag: hardware::input:keyboard, implemented-in::c, interface::text-mode,
 role::program, scope::application, works-with::software:running
Download-Size: 302 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
Description: terminal multiplexer
 tmux enables a number of terminals (or windows) to be accessed and
 controlled from a single terminal like screen. tmux runs as a
 server-client system. A server is created automatically when necessary
 and holds a number of sessions, each of which may have a number of
 windows linked to it. Any number of clients may connect to a session,
 or the server may be controlled by issuing commands with tmux.
 Communication takes place through a socket, by default placed in /tmp.
 Moreover tmux provides a consistent and well-documented command
 interface, with the same syntax whether used interactively, as a key
 binding, or from the shell. It offers a choice of vim or Emacs key
 layouts.

다음 줄을 찾으세요 APT-Sources. 정보가 해당하는 저장소를 나타냅니다.

Answer

apt-cache show설명하는 "분기"가 무엇인지는 알려주지 않지만 apt show다음을 수행합니다.

$ apt show -a tmux
Package: tmux
Version: 3.1c-1
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Maintainer: Romain Francoise <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 850 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.27), libevent-2.1-7 (>= 2.1.8-stable), libtinfo6 (>= 6), libutempter0 (>= 1.1.5)
Homepage: https://tmux.github.io/
Tag: hardware::input:keyboard, implemented-in::c, interface::text-mode,
 role::program, scope::application, works-with::software:running
Download-Size: 362 kB
APT-Sources: http://deb.debian.org/debian testing/main amd64 Packages
Description: terminal multiplexer
 tmux enables a number of terminals (or windows) to be accessed and
 controlled from a single terminal like screen. tmux runs as a
 server-client system. A server is created automatically when necessary
 and holds a number of sessions, each of which may have a number of
 windows linked to it. Any number of clients may connect to a session,
 or the server may be controlled by issuing commands with tmux.
 Communication takes place through a socket, by default placed in /tmp.
 Moreover tmux provides a consistent and well-documented command
 interface, with the same syntax whether used interactively, as a key
 binding, or from the shell. It offers a choice of vim or Emacs key
 layouts.

Package: tmux
Version: 2.8-3
Priority: optional
Section: admin
Maintainer: Romain Francoise <[email protected]>
Installed-Size: 697 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.27), libevent-2.1-6 (>= 2.1.8-stable), libtinfo6 (>= 6), libutempter0 (>= 1.1.5)
Homepage: https://tmux.github.io/
Tag: hardware::input:keyboard, implemented-in::c, interface::text-mode,
 role::program, scope::application, works-with::software:running
Download-Size: 302 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://deb.debian.org/debian buster/main amd64 Packages
Description: terminal multiplexer
 tmux enables a number of terminals (or windows) to be accessed and
 controlled from a single terminal like screen. tmux runs as a
 server-client system. A server is created automatically when necessary
 and holds a number of sessions, each of which may have a number of
 windows linked to it. Any number of clients may connect to a session,
 or the server may be controlled by issuing commands with tmux.
 Communication takes place through a socket, by default placed in /tmp.
 Moreover tmux provides a consistent and well-documented command
 interface, with the same syntax whether used interactively, as a key
 binding, or from the shell. It offers a choice of vim or Emacs key
 layouts.

다음 줄을 찾으세요 APT-Sources. 정보가 해당하는 저장소를 나타냅니다.

Question 2

이제 거의 충분히 먹었습니다 apt-cache policy. 명령줄에 패키지 이름을 추가하기만 하면 됩니다.

이를 사용 apt-cache policy [package...]하여 설치된 버전, 기본 설치 후보 및 설치 가능한 모든 버전( sources.list파일 및 고정 구성 또는 APT::Default-Release설정을 기반으로 함)을 표시할 수 있습니다.

예를 들어, 내 시스템 중 하나에서 기본 구성은 sidaka ( my 의 행 unstable으로 인해 )를 사용하는 것이며 다음에서 패키지를 선택할 수도 있습니다 .APT::Default-Release "unstable";/etc/apt/apt.confexperimental

$ apt-cache policy tmux
tmux:
  Installed: 3.1c-1
  Candidate: 3.1c-1
  Version table:
     3.2~rc4-1 1
          1 http://ftp.au.debian.org/debian experimental/main amd64 Packages
 *** 3.1c-1 990
        990 http://ftp.au.debian.org/debian unstable/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

"설치됨"은 현재 설치된 버전입니다. "후보"는 적절한 구성에 따라 설치할 수 있는 버전입니다(이 경우 후보 버전은 이미 설치되어 있습니다). "버전 테이블"에는 사용 가능한 모든 버전이 표시됩니다.

sources.list다른 버전은 정확한 버전 번호나 파일 중 하나에 정의된 대상 버전을 지정하여 설치할 수 있습니다 . 예를 들어 안정, 테스트, sid, 실험적 또는 "stretch" 또는 "buster"와 같은 특정 Debian 버전의 이름입니다.

예를 들어 다음 중 하나입니다.

apt install tmux=3.2~rc4-1

apt -t experimental install tmux

apt install tmux/experimental

apt-cache policy그런데 이 옵션을 사용하여 표시된 설치 후보를 무시할 수도 있습니다 -t target_release. 이는 명령줄에서 실행하는 것보다 스크립트에서 더 유용할 수 있으므로 grep -oP '^ +Candidate: \K.*'후보 빌드를 쉽게 사용하거나 추출할 수 있습니다 awk -F': ' '/^ +Candidate:/ {print $2}'.

Answer