Debian 10.5(nvidia)로 업그레이드한 후 GUI가 없음

그래서 오늘 아침에 데비안 10.5로 업그레이드했는데(dist-upgrade) 커서만 깜박이기 때문에 GUI에 들어갈 수 없습니다. 내 그래픽 카드는 Nvidia gtx 1080 ti입니다. 현재 Buster 저장소의 nvidia 드라이버를 사용하고 있습니다. 다행히 며칠 전에 백업이 있어서 복원했고 지금은 작동하지만 여러분이 제안해 주시기 전까지는 다시 업그레이드할 수 없습니다. 감사해요!

실행 중인(그러나 더 이상 사용되지 않는) 커널은 다음과 같습니다.

Linux jupiter 4.19.0-9-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.118-2+deb10u1 (2020-06-07) x86_64 GNU/Linux

이것은 최신 커널이지만 위와 아래에서 설명하는 문제를 발생시킵니다.

Linux jupiter 4.19.0-10-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.19.132-1 (2020-07-24) x86_64 GNU/Linux

이것은 다음의 출력입니다 sudo apt upgrade.

The following NEW packages will be installed:
  linux-headers-4.19.0-10-amd64 linux-headers-4.19.0-10-common
  linux-image-4.19.0-10-amd64
The following packages will be upgraded:
  ark base-files brave-browser clamav clamav-base clamav-daemon
  clamav-freshclam clamdscan dbus dbus-user-session dbus-x11 firefox-esr fwupd
  fwupd-amd64-signed glib-networking glib-networking-common
  glib-networking-services google-chrome-stable grub-common grub-efi-amd64
  grub-efi-amd64-bin grub-efi-amd64-signed grub2-common intel-microcode
  libappstream-glib8 libclamav9 libcpupower1 libdbus-1-3 libdbus-1-3:i386
  libegl-nvidia0 libegl-nvidia0:i386 libexif12 libexif12:i386 libexiv2-14
  libfwupd2 libgl1-nvidia-glvnd-glx libgl1-nvidia-glvnd-glx:i386
  libgles-nvidia1 libgles-nvidia1:i386 libgles-nvidia2 libgles-nvidia2:i386
  libglx-nvidia0 libglx-nvidia0:i386 libgnutls30 libgnutls30:i386 libinput-bin
  libinput10 liblirc-client0 libmariadb3 libmariadb3:i386 libnvidia-cbl
  libnvidia-cfg1 libnvidia-eglcore libnvidia-eglcore:i386
  libnvidia-fatbinaryloader libnvidia-glcore libnvidia-glcore:i386
  libnvidia-glvkspirv libnvidia-glvkspirv:i386 libnvidia-ml1
  libnvidia-ptxjitcompiler1 libnvidia-rtcore libperl5.28 libperl5.28:i386
  libpython3.7 libpython3.7-dev libpython3.7-minimal libpython3.7-stdlib
  libunwind8 linux-compiler-gcc-8-x86 linux-headers-amd64 linux-image-amd64
  linux-kbuild-4.19 linux-libc-dev lsp-plugins-jack mariadb-common
  nvidia-alternative nvidia-driver nvidia-driver-bin nvidia-driver-libs
  nvidia-driver-libs:i386 nvidia-driver-libs-i386:i386 nvidia-egl-common
  nvidia-egl-icd nvidia-egl-icd:i386 nvidia-kernel-dkms nvidia-kernel-support
  nvidia-legacy-check nvidia-vdpau-driver nvidia-vulkan-common
  nvidia-vulkan-icd nvidia-vulkan-icd:i386 openjdk-11-jre
  openjdk-11-jre-headless perl perl-base perl-modules-5.28 python-pil
  python3-pil python3.7 python3.7-dev python3.7-minimal
  shim-helpers-amd64-signed shim-unsigned teamviewer transmission-common
  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia
107 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/465 MB of archives.
After this operation, 327 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

업그레이드하는 동안 다음을 발견했습니다.

[...]
Setting up nvidia-kernel-dkms (418.152.00-1) ...
Loading new nvidia-current-418.152.00 DKMS files...
Building for 4.19.0-9-amd64 4.19.0-10-amd64
Building initial module for 4.19.0-9-amd64
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 4.19.0-9-amd64 (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/make.log for more information.
dpkg: error processing package nvidia-kernel-dkms (--configure):
 installed nvidia-kernel-dkms package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 10
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of nvidia-driver:
 nvidia-driver depends on nvidia-kernel-dkms (= 418.152.00-1) | nvidia-kernel-418.152.00; however:
  Package nvidia-kernel-dkms is not configured yet.
  Package nvidia-kernel-418.152.00 is not installed.
  Package nvidia-kernel-dkms which provides nvidia-kernel-418.152.00 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package nvidia-driver (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up nvidia-driver-bin (418.152.00-1) ...
Setting up nvidia-driver-libs:amd64 (418.152.00-1) ...
Setting up nvidia-driver-libs:i386 (418.152.00-1) ...
Setting up nvidia-driver-libs-i386:i386 (418.152.00-1) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.133+deb10u1) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.19.0-10-amd64
Processing triggers for shim-signed:amd64 (1.33+15+1533136590.3beb971-7) ...
Processing triggers for glx-alternative-nvidia (1.0.0) ...
Processing triggers for glx-alternative-mesa (1.0.0) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.28-10) ...
Processing triggers for update-glx (1.0.0) ...
Processing triggers for glx-alternative-nvidia (1.0.0) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.28-10) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.133+deb10u1) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.19.0-10-amd64
Errors were encountered while processing:
 nvidia-kernel-dkms
 nvidia-driver
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

고쳐 쓰다: 콘텐츠 /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/make.log:

DKMS make.log for nvidia-current-418.152.00 for kernel 4.19.0-9-amd64 (x86_64)
Sun Aug  2 17:35:42 EEST 2020
make KBUILD_OUTPUT=/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build V=1 -C /lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source M=/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build ARCH=x86_64 NV_KERNEL_SOURCES=/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source NV_KERNEL_OUTPUT=/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build NV_KERNEL_MODULES="nvidia nvidia-uvm nvidia-modeset nvidia-drm" INSTALL_MOD_DIR=kernel/drivers/video NV_SPECTRE_V2=0 modules
make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common'
make -C /lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build KBUILD_SRC=/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common \
-f /usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/Makefile modules
make[2]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-amd64'
arch/x86/Makefile:151: CONFIG_X86_X32 enabled but no binutils support
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 26: /bin/gcc-8: Permission denied
/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 27: /bin/gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
test -e include/generated/autoconf.h -a -e include/config/auto.conf || (        \
echo >&2;                           \
echo >&2 "  ERROR: Kernel configuration is invalid.";       \
echo >&2 "         include/generated/autoconf.h or include/config/auto.conf are missing.";\
echo >&2 "         Run 'make oldconfig && make prepare' on kernel src to fix it.";  \
echo >&2 ;                          \
/bin/false)
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
mkdir -p /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/.tmp_versions ; rm -f /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/.tmp_versions/*
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
make -f /usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/scripts/Makefile.build obj=/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build
make[2]: execvp: gcc-8: Permission denied
NV_CONFTEST_CMD=/bin/sh /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/conftest.sh " gcc-8" " gcc-8" x86_64 /lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source /lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build
NV_CONFTEST_CFLAGS=-O2 -D__KERNEL__ -DKBUILD_BASENAME="#conftest28767" -DKBUILD_MODNAME="#conftest28767" -nostdinc -isystem -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source/include/asm-x86/mach-default -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source/arch/x86/include/asm/mach-default -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build/include2 -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build/include -include /lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build/include/generated/autoconf.h -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source/include -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source/include/uapi -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source/include/xen -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build/include/generated/uapi -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source/arch/x86/include -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/source/arch/x86/include/uapi -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build/arch/x86/include/generated -I/lib/modules/4.19.0-9-amd64/build/arch/x86/include/generated/uapi -Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fshort-wchar -Wno-format-security -std=gnu89 -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -m64 -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -g -pg
KBUILD_CFLAGS=-Wall -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wno-trigraphs -fno-strict-aliasing -fno-common -fshort-wchar -Werror-implicit-function-declaration -Wno-format-security -std=gnu89  -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow  -m64        -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel              -pipe -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables         -O2     -fstack-protector-strong    -g -pg                      
LINUXINCLUDE=-I/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/arch/x86/include -I./arch/x86/include/generated  -I/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/include -I./include -I/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/arch/x86/include/uapi -I./arch/x86/include/generated/uapi -I/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/include/uapi -I./include/generated/uapi -include /usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/include/linux/kconfig.h
LDFLAGS=
(cat /dev/null;   echo kernel//var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia.ko;   echo kernel//var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia-uvm.ko;   echo kernel//var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia-modeset.ko;   echo kernel//var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia-drm.ko;) > /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/modules.order
KBUILD_LDFLAGS=-m elf_x86_64  -z max-page-size=0x200000

The C compiler ' gcc-8' does not appear to be able to
create object files.  Please make sure you have 
your Linux distribution's libc development package
installed and that ' gcc-8' is a valid C compiler
name.

*** Failed CC sanity check. Bailing out! ***

  ln -sf /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia/nv-kernel-amd64.o_binary /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia/nv-kernel.o
make[3]: *** [/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/Kbuild:207: cc_sanity_check] Error 1
make[3]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
ARCH=x86_64
  ln -sf /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia-modeset/nv-modeset-kernel-amd64.o_binary /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/nvidia-modeset/nv-modeset-kernel.o

Compiler version check failed:

The major and minor number of the compiler used to
compile the kernel:

gcc version 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6)

does not match the compiler used here:

/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/conftest.sh: 3739: /var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/conftest.sh: gcc-8: Permission denied

It is recommended to set the CC environment variable
to the compiler that was used to compile the kernel.

The compiler version check can be disabled by setting
the IGNORE_CC_MISMATCH environment variable to "1".
However, mixing compiler versions between the kernel
and kernel modules can result in subtle bugs that are
difficult to diagnose.

*** Failed CC version check. Bailing out! ***

make[3]: *** [/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build/Kbuild:207: cc_version_check] Error 1
make[2]: *** [/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common/Makefile:1537: _module_/var/lib/dkms/nvidia-current/418.152.00/build] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-amd64'
make[1]: *** [Makefile:146: sub-make] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-4.19.0-9-common'
make: *** [Makefile:81: modules] Error 2