나는 몇 가지를 가지고 있습니다미디어소닉 프로박스 HF2-SU3S24개의 드라이브가 있습니다. 모두 동일한 증상이 있으며 I/O가 매우 느립니다(최대 약 10MB/s 쓰기). 각 장치는 mdadm 및 4개의 드라이브를 사용하는 소프트웨어 RAID 5로 구성됩니다.
USB 2.1 포트에 연결되는데, USB 3.0보다 느릴 것으로 예상했지만 10MB/s는 의심스럽고 터무니없을 정도로 느린 것 같습니다.
각 드라이브에 대해 smartctl -a 출력을 게시할 수 있지만 어떤 드라이브도 실패하지 않으며 드라이브 관련 syslog에 오류가 기록되지 않습니다.
첫 번째 장치의 드라이브는 다음과 같습니다.
Device Model: ST2000DL003-9VT166
Device Model: ST2000DM001-1ER164
Device Model: ST2000DM001-1CH164
Device Model: ST2000DM001-1CH164
두 번째 장치 드라이브:
Device Model: ST2000DL003-9VT166
Device Model: ST2000DL003-9VT166
Device Model: WDC WD20EADS-00R6B0
Device Model: ST2000DL003-9VT166
커널 버전:
3.16.0-6-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.57-2
마운트 출력:
/dev/md2 on /mnt/nas type ext4 (rw,relatime,stripe=256,data=ordered)
/dev/md3 on /mnt/nas2 type ext4 (rw,relatime,stripe=384,data=ordered)
/proc/mdstat의 출력
md3 : active raid5 sdg[5] sdj[4] sdi[6] sdh[1]
5860150272 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
bitmap: 0/15 pages [0KB], 65536KB chunk
md2 : active raid5 sdc1[0] sdf1[4] sdd1[6] sde1[5]
5860141056 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU]
dd를 사용하여 다음을 테스트하세요.
root@talon:/mnt/nas2# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/nas2/testfile bs=1G count=1 oflag=direct
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 71.1888 s, 15.1 MB/s
root@talon:/mnt/nas# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/nas/testfile bs=1G count=1 oflag=direct
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 80.8867 s, 13.3 MB/s
mdadm --detail의 출력
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Wed May 1 22:26:29 2013
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 5860141056 (5588.67 GiB 6000.78 GB)
Used Dev Size : 1953380352 (1862.89 GiB 2000.26 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Wed Dec 5 21:29:12 2018
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : dev-vm01:0
UUID : dc4e42f6:3c3eb2f7:d6137927:51e328ef
Events : 21688
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1
5 8 65 1 active sync /dev/sde1
6 8 49 2 active sync /dev/sdd1
4 8 81 3 active sync /dev/sdf1
=-===-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
/dev/md3:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Mar 10 11:08:14 2018
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 5860150272 (5588.67 GiB 6000.79 GB)
Used Dev Size : 1953383424 (1862.89 GiB 2000.26 GB)
Raid Devices : 4
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Intent Bitmap : Internal
Update Time : Wed Dec 5 21:23:31 2018
State : clean
Active Devices : 4
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : dragon:0
UUID : 70d8f410:462c6714:50231e20:b08aca81
Events : 151906
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
5 8 96 0 active sync /dev/sdg
1 8 112 1 active sync /dev/sdh
6 8 128 2 active sync /dev/sdi
4 8 144 3 active sync /dev/sdj
더 자세한 정보
root@talon:/mnt/nas# lsusb
Bus 009 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 152d:0567 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 152d:0567 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 2109:3431
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
root@talon:/mnt/nas# lsusb -v -s 3:2
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 152d:0567 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.10
bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level)
bDeviceSubClass 0
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0x152d JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
idProduct 0x0567
bcdDevice 2.05
iManufacturer 10 JMicron
iProduct 11 USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
iSerial 5 152D00539000
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 32
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 4 USB Mass Storage
bmAttributes 0xc0
Self Powered
MaxPower 50mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage
bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI
bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only
iInterface 6 MSC Bulk-Only Transport
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Binary Object Store Descriptor:
bLength 5
bDescriptorType 15
wTotalLength 22
bNumDeviceCaps 2
USB 2.0 Extension Device Capability:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 2
bmAttributes 0x00000002
Link Power Management (LPM) Supported
SuperSpeed USB Device Capability:
bLength 10
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 3
bmAttributes 0x00
wSpeedsSupported 0x000e
Device can operate at Full Speed (12Mbps)
Device can operate at High Speed (480Mbps)
Device can operate at SuperSpeed (5Gbps)
bFunctionalitySupport 1
Lowest fully-functional device speed is Full Speed (12Mbps)
bU1DevExitLat 10 micro seconds
bU2DevExitLat 2047 micro seconds
Device Status: 0x0001
Self Powered
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-==-=-=-=-==-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
root@talon:/mnt/nas# lsusb -v -s 1:3
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 152d:0567 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.10
bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level)
bDeviceSubClass 0
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0x152d JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
idProduct 0x0567
bcdDevice 2.05
iManufacturer 10 JMicron
iProduct 11 USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
iSerial 5 152D00539000
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 32
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 4 USB Mass Storage
bmAttributes 0xc0
Self Powered
MaxPower 50mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 8 Mass Storage
bInterfaceSubClass 6 SCSI
bInterfaceProtocol 80 Bulk-Only
iInterface 6 MSC Bulk-Only Transport
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x02 EP 2 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0200 1x 512 bytes
bInterval 0
Binary Object Store Descriptor:
bLength 5
bDescriptorType 15
wTotalLength 22
bNumDeviceCaps 2
USB 2.0 Extension Device Capability:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 2
bmAttributes 0x00000002
Link Power Management (LPM) Supported
SuperSpeed USB Device Capability:
bLength 10
bDescriptorType 16
bDevCapabilityType 3
bmAttributes 0x00
wSpeedsSupported 0x000e
Device can operate at Full Speed (12Mbps)
Device can operate at High Speed (480Mbps)
Device can operate at SuperSpeed (5Gbps)
bFunctionalitySupport 1
Lowest fully-functional device speed is Full Speed (12Mbps)
bU1DevExitLat 10 micro seconds
bU2DevExitLat 2047 micro seconds
Device Status: 0x0001
Self Powered
"USB 2.1 포트에 연결된 것 같습니다." 이것을 어떻게 확인하셨나요?
lsusb의 출력을 봅니다.
bcdUSB 2.10
어떤 마더보드 또는 컴퓨터 모델을 사용하고 있으며 어떤 USB 포트를 사용하고 있습니까?
마더보드: GA-78LMT-USB3 버전과 정확한 포트를 확인해야 했습니다.
이 PC에서 다른 포트를 사용해 보셨나요? 그렇다면 같은 결과가 나오나요?
예 - 서로 다른 USB 포트를 통해 동일한 데스크탑에 2개의 장치가 연결되었습니다. 심지어 Raspberry Pi에서도 이 속도를 얻을 수 있습니다.
USB 2.0은 USB 3.0보다 훨씬 느립니다. USB 2.0을 통해 직접 연결된 하드 드라이브는 20MB/초를 거의 초과하지 않는 반면, USB 3.0에서는 작은 2.5인치 디스크도 100MB/초를 달성할 수 있습니다.
디스크 크기는 중요하지 않습니다. 나는 이것을 믿지 않습니다. 느리지만 10MB/s보다 빠를 것이라는 많은 리소스가 있습니다.
- https://www.speedguide.net/faq/what-is-the-전형-usb-20-external-hard-drive-403
- https://askubuntu.com/questions/41397/external-usb-hard-drives-what-speeds-should-be-expected
- https://superuser.com/questions/664397/usb-3-0-vs-usb-2-0-for-external-hard-disks-drives
장치 중 하나를 알려진 USB 3.0 포트에 연결했습니다.
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 152d:0567 JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 3.00
bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level)
bDeviceSubClass 0
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 9
idVendor 0x152d JMicron Technology Corp. / JMicron USA Technology Corp.
idProduct 0x0567
bcdDevice 2.05
iManufacturer 10 JMicron
iProduct 11 USB to ATA/ATAPI Bridge
iSerial 5 152D00539000
이제 전송 속도가 3배 빨라졌지만 여전히 예상 속도만큼 빠르지는 않습니다.
root@talon:/mnt/nas2# dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/nas2/testfile4 bs=1G count=1 oflag=direct
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.2737 s, 33.3 MB/s
fdisk의 출력:
Disk /dev/sdc: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe3b023b3
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1 63 3907024064 3907024002 1.8T 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdd: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x580e98e6
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdd1 2048 3907029167 3907027120 1.8T 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sde: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d19a7
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sde1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdf: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc16a55ab
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdf1 2048 3907029167 3907027120 1.8T 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdg: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc91d9f27
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdg1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdj: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x65cd7624
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdj1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdi: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x03221dd4
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdi1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdh: 1.8 TiB, 2000398934016 bytes, 3907029168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc91329ab
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdh1 2048 3907028991 3907026944 1.8T fd Linux raid autodetect
편집: 몇 가지 문제 해결을 수행한 결과 USB 컨트롤러에 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났습니다. 이것이 Linux와 마더보드의 USB 컨트롤러 간의 호환성 문제인지는 확실하지 않습니다. 그러나 최신 커널을 사용해 보았지만 Linux는 USB 3.0 포트에서 장치를 초기화하는 것조차 거부했습니다. 그러나 USB 3.0 연결이 가능한 노트북에서 Probox를 사용해 본 결과 매우 잘 작동했습니다.
답변1
USB2 속도(60MB/s)를 동시에 RAID 쓰기의 드라이브 수(4)로 나눈 값은 15MB/s에 약간의 오버헤드를 더한 것이므로 10이 합리적이라고 생각됩니다.
RAID 제거를 테스트하여 버스를 사용하고 있지 않은지 확인한 후 다음을 실행하십시오.
hdparm -Tt /dev/sdh
답변2
내장된 USB 컨트롤러는 거기에 인쇄된 실리콘보다 가치가 낮은 것으로 나타났습니다. PCI-e USB 3.1 컨트롤러를 설치했는데 이제 속도가 10MB/s가 아닌 61MB/s입니다. 데이터 전송 속도 측면에서 아직 "빠르지"는 않지만 60MB/s는 큰 차이입니다.